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Bio101 Chpt 7
Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The impact of a sufficiently large asteroid or comet is one of the theories that have been put forward to explain why dinosaurs became extinct. Why would this extinction-level event have such a major impact? | It produced dust and other particulates that would block out the sun. |
| In which organelle does photosynthesis take place in plant cells? | Chloroplast |
| In an _____ process, photosynthesis _____ carbon, whereas cellular respiration is an _____ process that _____ carbon. | endergonic … reduces … exergonic … oxidizes |
| Visible light is a small portion of electromagnetic energy that is derived from sunlight. It occurs between _____. | UV radiation and infrared radiation |
| What purpose is directly served by chlorophyll a during photosynthesis? | It allows for the conversion of energy. |
| Photosystems consist of a number of light-harvesting pigments. As sunlight strikes these pigments, an electron is donated to the primary electron acceptor. What replaces this flow of electrons? | electrons that are donated as water is split |
| Which of the following is the correct flow of electrons through the two photosystems in the thylakoid membrane? | P680 ? P700 ? NADP+ |
| During photosynthesis, _____ is produced by the light reactions and then consumed by the Calvin cycle. | NADPH |
| During photosynthesis, six molecules of CO2 are reduced to one molecule of glucose. How many molecules of ATP and NADPH are required to fuel this process? | 18 ATP and 12 NADPH |
| Photorespiration is an inefficient process that occurs when plants close their stomata to avoid dehydration in arid climates. C4 and CAM plants have adapted to this situation because _____. | they fix CO2 into a four-carbon compound. This creates a steeper concentration gradient within the mesophyll cells |
| Which gas contributes to both global warming and the deterioration of the ozone layer? | CFCs |
| In photosynthesis, ___ is oxidized and ___ is reduced. | water, carbon dioxide |
| Which of the following are produced by reactions that take place in they tylakoids and consumed by reactions int he stroma? | ATP and NADPH |
| When light strikes chlorophyll molecules in the reaction-center complex, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replace by | splitting water |
| The reactions of the Calvin Cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. Why? | The Calvin Cycle depends on products of the light reactions. |
| How many "turns" of the Calvin Cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose? | 6 |
| What occurs during the Calvin Cycle? | carbon fixation, oxidation of NADPH, consumption of ATP, and regeneration of RuBP, the CO2 acceptor |
| Why is it difficult for most plants to carry out photosynthesis? | The closing of stomata keeps CO2 from entering and O2 from leaving the plant. |
| How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants? | In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. |
| What are the major inputs of the two stages of photosynthesis? | Light and water |
| What are the major outputs of the two stages of photosynthesis? | ATP, NADPH, and O2 |
| Explain why a poison that inhibits an enzyme of the Calvin cycle will also inhibit the light reactions. | The light reactions require ADP and NADP+ which are not recycled from ATP and NADPH when the Calvin cycle stops. |
| What do plants do with the sugar they produce in photosynthesis? | Plants can break down the sugar for energy in cellular respiration or use the sugar as a raw material for making other organic molecules. Excess sugar is stored as starch. |
| Plants that make their own food and sustain themselves without help from other organisms. | autotrophs |
| Process whereby plants convert CO2 and H2O to their own organic colecules and release O2 as a by-product. | photosynthesis |
| Consumers of other plants or animals or decompose organic material. | heterotrophs |
| The green color that comes from a light-absorbing pigment int eh chloroplasts. | chlorophyll |
| The green tissue int he interior of the leaf. | mesoophylliny pores that allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit. Can also mean "mouth". |
| An envelope of two membranes that encloses a think fluid | stroma |
| Interconnected membranous sacs suspended in the stroma system | thylakoids |
| Thylakoids that are connected into stacks | gran |
| Steps that convert light energy to chemical energy and release O2. | light reactions |
| Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. | Calvin Cycle |
| Series of reactions that assembles sugar molecules using CO2 and the energy-rich products of the light reactions | Calvin Cycle |
| The incorporation of carbon from CO2 entering the Calvin Cycle | carbon fixation |
| The full range of electromagnetic wavelengths from the very short gamma rays to the very long wavelength radio waves. | electromagnetic spectrum |
| The distance between the crests of two adjacent waves. | wavelength |
| A fixed quantity of energy. The shorter the wavelength of light, the greater the energy. | photon |
| Can participate directly in the light reactions which convert solar energy to chemical energy. | chloraphyll a |
| Consists of a number of light-harvesting complexes surrounding a reaction center complex. | photosystem |
| The production of ATP by chemiosmosis during the light reactions of photosynthesis. | photophosphorylation |
| These first product of carbon fixation is the three-carbon compound 3-GPA | C3 plants |
| This process occurs in the light and consumes O2 and releases CO2. | photrespiration |
| These first fix CO2 into a four carbon compound; it is when hot plants conserve water. | C4 plants |
| Plants that are adapted for dry climates. | CAM plants |
| What is global climate change? | Increase in temp and change in weather pattern due mostly to increasing CO2. The temp increases also known as global warming and is a major aspect of this change. |
| What is greenhouse effect? | sunlight heats soil, soil turns air warm, warm air trapped inside |
Created by:
dtgs2010
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