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Vocab ARCC Bio Ch4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Theory | Theory that all organisms have 1 or more cells, cells come from division of pre-existing cells and all carry hereditary info |
| Cytoplasm | Semifluid substance inside a cell membrane |
| Nucleus | Organelle w/ 2 membranes that holds a eukaryotic cell's DNA |
| Organelle | Structure that carries out a specialized metabiolic function inside of a cell |
| Plasma membrane | A cell's outermost membrane |
| Surface-to-volume ratio | A relationship in which the volume of an object increases w/ the cube of the diameter, and the surface area increases w/ the square. |
| Biofilm | community of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime |
| Cell wall | Semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells |
| Flagellum | long, slender cellular structure used for motility |
| nucleoid | region of cytoplasm where DNA is concentrated inside a bacterium or archaeon |
| pilus | protein filament that projects from the surface of some bacteria and archaea |
| plasmid | small circle of DNA in some bacteria and archea |
| ribosome | organelle of protein synthesis |
| What 3 things do all cells have? | Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA |
| What are phospholipids in human form? | Bouncers |
| Fuction of cytoskeleton | supports, imparts shape to cell and moves cell and its components |
| Function of cell wall | Protects,structurally supports cell |
| Function of chloroplast | specializes in photosynthesis |
| Function of central vacuole | increases cell surface area; stores metabolic wastes |
| Function of nucleus | keeps DNA separated from cytoplasm; makes ribosome subunits; controls access to DNA |
| function of Mitochondrian | energy powerhouse |
| function of cytoskeleton | supports, imparts shape, and moves cell and it's components. |
| function of Centrioles | Special centers that produce and organize microtubles |
| Function of ribosomes | Sites of photosynthesis(attached to rough ER and free in cytoplasm) |
| Function of rough ER | modifies proteins made by ribosomes attached to it |
| function of the Plasma Membrane | Controls what goes in and out of the cell (the bouncer of the club) |
| Function of Lysosome | digests and recycles materials |
| Function of Golgi Body | finishes, sorts, ships lipids, enzymes, and proteins |
| Function of Smooth ER | makes lipids, breaks down carbs and fats, inactivates toxins |
| Chromatin | collective term for DNA molecules together with their associated proteins. |
| Chromosome | A structure that consists of DNA and associated proteins; carries part or all of a cell's genetic information |
| Nuclear envelope | a double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus. Pores control which substances can cross. |
| Nucleolus | In a cell nucleus, a dense, irregularly shaped region where ribosomal subunits are assembles. |
| Nucleoplasm | Viscous fluid enclosed by the nuclear envelope |
| Endomembrane system | A set of organelles that makes, modifies, and transports proteins and lipids |
| Peroxisome | enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxic materials. |
| Valuole | Fluid filled organelle that disposes of waste, debris, or toxic materials. |
| Vesicle | small organelles who can store, transport, OR degrade their contents. |
| Chloroplast | Organelle of photosynthesis in the cells of plants and protists |
| Mitochondrion | organelle that produces ATP by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes |
| Plastid | Double membrane organelles that function in photosynthesis or storage in plant and alge |
| Basal body | organelle that develops from centriole |
| Cell cortex | reinforcing mesh of cytoskeletal elements under a plasma membrane |
| centriole | barrel shaped organelle from which microtubes grow |
| cilium | short, movable structure that projects from the plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells. |
| cytoskeleton | interconnected protein filaments between the nucleus and plasma membrane |
| intermediate filament | stable cytoskeletal element that structually supports cells and tissues |
| microfilament | reinforcing cytoskeletal element; a fiber of actin subunits. |
| microtubule | cytoskeletal element involved in cellular movement; hollow filament of tubulin subunits |
| motor protein | type of energy-using protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements to move the cell's parts or the whole cell |
| pseudopod | a temporary protrusion that helps some eukaryotic cells move and engulf prey. |
Created by:
annaleeblake
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