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Lesson 9

Chemicals of Life

TermDefinition
Polymerization a process where large compounds are constructed by combining small compounds
Monomers small compounds that when joined together form polymers
Polymers large compounds formed by joining monomers
Macromolecules large polymers also called organic molecules, examples include: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. They most commonly contain starch or simple sugars
Nucleic Acids these compounds transmit genetic information. They are organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
Monosaccharides simplest carbohydrates and contain only one sugar unit
Disaccharides two monosaccharides chemically bonded together. An example is sucrose- common table sugar
Polysaccharides a large molecule formed by the chemical bonding of many monosaccharides. An example is starch
Lipids energy-storing compounds such as fat, oil and wax
Proteins organic compounds made up of long chains of amino acids. These molecules build and repair cells in the body
Enzymes a protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process
Substrate a substance that is affected by an enzyme
Active Site the region in which the enzyme binds to the substrate
DNA also know as deoxyribonucleic acid, stores and transmits the genetic information from one offspring to another. This carries all instructions for cell processes. It appears as a double-helix of phosphates, nucleotides, and bases
RNA also known as ribonucleic acid, made up of a single strand of nucleoides, it acts as a messenger between DNA and carries out protein synthesis for the cell
Nucleotide also known as a base in DNA, it contains three parts: a sugar, phosphate group and a base that contains nitrogen. There are five different nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), thymine (T), guanine (G), and uracil (U)
Chromosomes threadlike structures of DNA found in the nucleus of a cell
Created by: ecotteacher
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