Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 1 Cell Funct
Cell Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| archaea | one of two divisions of procaryotes, typically found in hostile environments such as hot springs or brine |
| bacteria (sing. - bacterium) | common name for procaryotic organisms, but more precisely refers to members of the domain Bacteria. Most are single-celled organisms but multicellular forms exist |
| cell | basic unit from which living organisms are made, consisting of an aqueous solution of organic molecules enclosed by a membrane. All cells arise from existing cells, usually by a process of division |
| chloroplast | specialized organelle in algae and plants that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis occurs |
| chromosome | long threadlike structure composed of DNA and associated protein that carries part or all of the genetic information of an organism. Especially evident in plant and animal cells undergoing mitosis or meiosis |
| cytoplasm | contents of a cell that are contained within its plasma membrane but in the case of eucaryotic cells, outside the nucleus |
| cytoskeleton | system of protein filatments in the cytoplasm of a eucaryotic cell that gives the cell shape and the capacity for directed movement. Its most abundant components are actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments |
| cytosol | contents of the main compartment of the cytoplasm, excluding membrane bounded organelles; the cell fraction remaining after membranes, cytoskeletal components and other organelles are removed |
| DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid) - double-stranded polynucleotide formed from two separate chains of covalently linked deoxyribonucleic units; serves as the carrier of genetic information |
| endoplasmic reticulum | labyrinthine, membrane-bounded compartment in cytoplasm of eucaryotic cells, where lipids and secreted and membrane-bound proteins are made |
| eukaryotes (eucaryotes) | living organism of one or more cells with a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm. includes all forms of life except viruses and bacteria (procaryotes) |
| evolution | the gradual change in living organisms taking place over generations that results in new species being formed |
| genome | the total genetic information carried by a cell or an organism (or the total DNA molecules that carry this information) |
| Golgi Apparatus | Membrane-bounded organelle in eucaryotic cells where the proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum are modified and sorted |
| homologous | describes organs or molecules that are similar because of their common evolutionary origin. specifically it describes similarities in protein or nucleic acid sequence |
| micrometer | 1 micrometer = 1*10^-6m |
| microscope | instrument for viewing extremely small objects. a light microscope utilizes a focused beam of visible light - cells/organelles. an electron microscope utilizes a beam of electrons - molecules |
| mitochondrion (plural - mitochondria) | membrane bounded organelle, approx. size of a bacterium, carries our oxidative phosphorylation and produces most of the ATP in eucaryotic cells |
| model organism | organisms selected for intensive study as a representative of a large group of species |
| nanometer | unit of length commonly used to measure molecules and cell organelles. 1nm = 1*10^-9m |
| nucleus | The major organelle of a eucaryotic cell, contains DNA organized into chromosomes. Central mass of atom built from neutrons and protons |
| organelle | Discrete structure of subcompartment of a eucaryotic cell that is specialized to carry out a particular function |
| prokaryote (procaryote) | Major category of living cells distinguished by the absence of a nucleus - Bacteria |
| protein | major macromolecular constituent of cells. linear polymer of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds in a specific sequence |
| protozoa | free-living, nonphotosynthetic, single-celled, motile eucaryotic organisms. most protozoa live by feeding on other organisms |
| ribosome | particle composed of ribosomal RNAs and ribosomal proteins that associates with messenger RNA and catalyzes the synthesis of protein |
Created by:
jcamillo
Popular Biology sets