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Chapter 3 Vocablary
dynamic earth
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| geosphere | the mostly solid,rocky part of earth;extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust. |
| crust | the thin and solid outermost layer of the earth aboe the mantle. |
| mantle | In earth cience,the layer of rock between the earth's crust and core. |
| core | The central part of the earth below the mantle; also the center of the sun. |
| lithosphere | The solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle. |
| astheosphere | the solid,plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere |
| tectonic plate | the rigid, outermost layer of the Earth is divided into pieces |
| erosion | The removal and transport of surface material |
| atmosphere | Earth is surrounded by a mixture of gases |
| troposphere | The atmospheric layer nearest Earth’s surface |
| stratosphere | Above the troposphere |
| ozone | a molecule that is made up of three oxygen atom |
| radiation | the transfer of energy across space and in the atmosphere |
| conduction | the flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are placed in direct physical contact |
| convection | the transfer of heat by air currents |
| greenhouse effect | This process, in which gases trap heat near the Earth |
| water cycle | The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources |
| evaporation | the process by which liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmo- sphere as water vapor |
| condensation | water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles |
| precipitation | These larger droplets fall from clouds as rain in the process |
| salinity | sea water is the total quantity of dissolved salts |
| fresh water | a little more than 2 percent of all the water on earth |
| biosphere | the nar- row layer around Earth's surface in which life can exist. |
| closed system | energy enters the environment, but matter does not |
| open system | both matter and energy are exchanged between a system and the surrounding environment |
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