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Pl8 T, Earth, Volcan
Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanoes- TEST
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Asthenosphere | plastic like layer of Earth where the lithospheric plates float & move |
| Cinder Cone Volcano | steep-sided, lossely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to ground |
| Composite Volcano | volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra & lava |
| Continental Drift | Wegner's hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass the broke apart about 200 million years ago and drifted slowly to their current positions |
| Convection Current | current in Earth's mantle that transfers heat in Earth's interior and is the driving force for plate tectonics |
| Crater | steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent |
| Earthquake | vibrations produced when rock breaks along a fault |
| Epicenter | point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
| Hot Spot | result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between Earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock is forced upward and breaks through the crust |
| Lithosphere | rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick, made of the crust and a part of the upper mantle |
| Pangea | large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together |
| Plate | a large section of Earth's oceanic crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle |
| Plate Tectonics | theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plasticlilke layer of the mantle |
| Primary Waves | seismic waves that move rock particles back-and-forth in the same direction that the wave travles |
| Seafloor Spreading | Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge |
| Secondary Waves | seismic waves that move rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave |
| Seismograph | instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived |
| Sheild Volcano | broad, gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava |
| Surface Waves | seismic waves that move rock particles up-and-down in a backward rolling motion and side-to-side in a swaying motion |
| Tephra | Bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption |
| Vent | opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth's surface as lava, forming a volcano |
| Volcano | opening in Earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava |
Created by:
Elaine Miller
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