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LD Life Processes
Life Processes - Chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| BIOLOGY | the study of living things |
| ORGANISMS | living thing |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS | Highly organized & contain multiple complex chemical substances; made up of 1 or more cells; use energy; have a definite form and limited size; limited life span; grow; respond to changes in the environment; able to reproduce; change over time |
| VIRUSES | They have genetic material, but they lack all other cell structures necessary for metabolism, reproduction, and growth. |
| VIRUSES | Classified as non-living because they can only reproduce when inside a host. |
| GOOD BACTERIA | Produce vitamins K and B in the intestines. |
| GOOD BACTERIA | Product antibiotics (erythromycin) |
| GOOD BACTERIA | They are decomposers of dead plants and animals bringing nutrients back into the environment. |
| GOOD BACTERIA | Product food (yogurt, cheese, and vinegar) |
| GOOD BACTERIA | Uses Genetic Engineering they can produce hormones such as insulin. |
| BACTERIA | Considered living things because they can perform all of the characteristics of life. |
| BAD BACTERIA | "Pathogens" - Cause infection (ie: Bacterial Meningitis) |
| HOMEOSTASIS | Maintaining a stable internal environment of an organism in spite of a constantly changing external environment (ex: Body temp of a runner during a race increases. Runner responds by perspiring which lowers their body temp) |
| LIVING THINGS | Carry out life processes |
| NUTRITION | Process of obtaining and using food. Includes ingestion, digestion, and egestion. |
| INGESTION | Taking in of food. |
| CONSUMERS | Heterotrophs |
| DIGESTION | Breaking down of food. |
| EGESTION | Eliminating undigested food. |
| PHOTOSYNTHESIS | Process by which plants use energy from the sun to make their own food. |
| PRODUCERS | Autotrophs |
| NUTRIENTS | Substances that an organism needs for energy, growth, repair or maintenance. |
| TRANSPORT | Distributing or circulating materials within an organism. Includes absorption and circulation. |
| CELLULAR LEVEL | Within a cell or from cell to cell. |
| COMPLEX ORGANISMS | Circulatory systems use blood to carry dissolved food, oxygen (O2), minerals, and waste products. (Ex: plants have tubes in the stem.) |
| XYLEM | Conduct water and minerals up |
| PHLOEM | Transport soluble food down (Ex: Salt passes in and out of a cell) |
| RESPIRATION | The process of releasing chemical energy stored in nutrients (food). (Energy) |
| AEROBIC RESPIRATION | Requires oxygen (O2) |
| ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION | Does not require oxygen (O2) |
| FOOD NUTRIENTS | Broken down in the digestive system & is absorbed directly into the blood stream in the villi in the small intestine. At the same time in the respiratory system, O2 is inhaled and passes through the lungs to the alveoli where O2 diffuses into the blood. |
| BLOOD | Carries nutrients and O2 to all cells where they are both used to produce chemical energy (ATP). The cell releases metabolic wastes, water and CO2. |
| EXCRETION | Ridding of metabolic wastes (Nitrogenous wastes, salts, heat, H20, CO2) (Ex: Human exhales CO2 and H20 vapor). (Removal of wastes). |
| SYNTHESIS | Combining simple substances to form more complex substances. Allows the organism to grow, repair, or replace damaged cells. (Ex: Amino acids join to form proteins). |
| ASSIMILATION | Is the incorporation of the new materials into the organisms body. (Ex: Lipids used to make cell membrane). |
| REGULATION | Control and coordination of activities that help an organism to maintain homeostasis in a changing environment. |
| COMPLEX ANIMALS | Regulate with the nervous system (nerve impulses) and endocrine system (chemical messengers called hormones). |
| PHOTOTROPISM | Plants have hormones that help it turn toward the light |
| GROWTH | Process of increasing in size of a cell or number of cells. (ex: a bean seed germinates, a cell divides by mitosis). |
| REPRODUCTION | Process of an organism producing new individuals of the same kind of "offspring". Not necessary for the life of the organism, but necessary for the survival of that species. (ex: cat has offspring, an ameba divides to form 2 smaller amebas). |
| METABOLISM | Sum of total all the life processes or all the chemical reactions that take place within an organism. (ex: nutrition, transport, and respiration). |
| FEED BACK MECHANISM | Body's ability to monitor and react to changes in your internal or external environment. (ex: if you get a cold, your bod shivers, blood sugar is high, you produce insulin to break it down). |
Created by:
desilva13
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