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Chapter3BA&P
Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Plasma membrane | Outer most part of the cell |
| Cytoplasm | In between the membrane and nucleus |
| Cytosol | Fluid |
| Organelles | Little organs |
| Cholesterol | Keeps it firm |
| Integral protein | Spans the whole plasma membrane |
| Peripheral protein | They are in or out of the membrane |
| Glycolipid | Replaces the head of a lipid that's part of the membrane |
| Glycoprotein | Connected to a protein |
| Intracellular | Inside the cell 2/3 of total |
| Plasma | Water |
| Simple diffusion | Pass across lipid bilayer if lipid soluble or if polar molecules; or through ion channels if ions such as K+, Ca2+, Cl- |
| Facilitated diffusion | Requires a carrier in membrane but not ATP/Solute goes down concentration gradient |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane |
| Isotonic | Equal amount of concentration and has 0.9% NaCl |
| Hypotonic | Lower concentration and has 0% NaCl |
| Hypertonic | Higher concentration and has 4% NaCl |
| Active Transport | Requires a carrier/Energy(ATP)/Can transport up a concentration gradient |
| Transport in Vesicles | Requires energy(ATP)/Involves small membrane sac |
| Endocytosis | Importing materials in a cell |
| Phagocytosis | Ingestion of particles such as bacteria into white blood cells |
| Pinocytosis | Ingestion of fluid |
| Exocytosis | Exporting materials |
| Cytoskeleton | Skeleton of cell/ Maintains shape of cell/Positions organelles/Changes cell shape/ Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules are in this |
| Microfilaments | Smallest |
| Intermediate filaments | Medium |
| Microtubules | Largest |
| Centrosome | Function: Moves chromosomes to ends of cell during cell division/Structure: Two centrioles arranged perpendicular to each other |
| Flagellum | Single tail like structure on sperm/Propels sperm forward in reproductive tract |
| Cilia | In groups/Found in respiratory system - moves mucus |
| Ribosomes | Made within the nucleus (in nucleolus/Sites of protein synthesis/Can be attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free in cytosol |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Structure: Network of folded membranes/Functions: Synthesis, intracellular transport |
| Rough ER | Studded with ribosomes (sites of protein synthesis) |
| Smooth ER | Lacks ribosomes/Functions: Lipid synthesis/Release of glucose in liver cells into bloodstream/Drug detoxification/Storage and release of Ca2+ in muscle cells(sarcoplasmic reticulum) |
| Golgi complex | Structure:Flattened membranes (cisterns) with bulging edges (like stacks of pita bread/Functions:Modify proteins glycoproteins and lipoproteins that become parts of plasma membrane, stored in lysosomes or exported by exocytosis |
| Lysosomes | Contain digestive enzymes |
| Tay-Sachs | Hereditary disorder, one missing lysosomal enzyme leads to nerve destruction |
| Peroxisomes | Detoxify; abundant in liver |
| Proteasomes | Digest unneeded or faulty proteins |
| Mitochondria | Structure: Sausage-shaped with many folded membranes and liquid matrix containing enzymes/Function: Nutrient energy is released and trapped in ATP, "power house of cell", and chemical reactions require oxygen |
| Protein Synthesis | DNA-->RNA-->Protein |
| Transcription | DNA-->RNA |
| Translation | RNA-->Protein |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA and directs synthesis of polypeptide |
| rRNA | Ribosomal RNA and component of ribosomes |
| tRNA | Transfer RNA and carries amino acids to ribosome for reaction |
| Interphase | Period of growth and development of cell, preparation for reproduction: DNA synthesis |
| DNA synthesis | 2 copies of DNA and making more organelles |
| Mitotic Phase | division of nucleus/4 phases - Prophase-->Metaphase-->Anaphase-->Telophase |
| Cytokinesis | Division of cytoplasm equally to both cells |
| Prophase | Chromatin condenses into pairs of chromatids connected at centromeres |
| Chromatid | An arm of a chromosome |
| Mitotic Spindle | Arms that attach to chromosomes |
| Metaphase | Centromeres of chromatid pairs are aligned along microtubules at the center of the metaphase plate |
| Metaphase plate | Right dab in the middle |
| Anaphase | Centromeres split, separating 'sister chromatids"(chromosomes) |
| Telophase | Chromosomes revert to threadlike chromatin/Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear/Mitotic spindle breaks up/Cytokinesis is complete |
| Telomeres | DNA at tips of chromosomes and shorten with aging |
Created by:
Dudlee13
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