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Lesson 7

Review of Atomic Structure

TermDefinition
Four Major Atoms of the Body carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
Physical Properties characteristics you canobserve without changing the original substance into another substance (e.g. color, odor, shape, texture, taste, hardness, melting point, boiling point, mass, volume, and density).
Chemical Properties the properties that matter exhibits as it reacts (or doesn’t react) with other substances. An example would be iron rusting when it is exposed to air
Atom the smallest part of matter that can occur without changing the properties of that matter
Element pure substance that cannot be destroyed by a chemical change (made up of only one kind of atom). 106 are known today- 88 of naturally occur on Earth and 18 have been man-made
Neutrons subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom and have no charge
Protons subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom that have a positive charge
Electrons subatomic particles that are found circling the nucleus of atoms and have a negative charge
Ion a charged particle or element that has either picked up or lost electrons
Nucleus the center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
Atomic Number the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. This number is found above the element symbol on the periodic table
Atomic Mass the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. This number is found beneath the element symbol on the periodic table
Ionic Bonding process where elements gain or lose electrons to fill their outer-most shell
Compound a chemically-bonded substance that contains two or more elements
Octet Rule the desire to have an atom with its outer-most shell full (containing eight electrons)
Covalent Bonding process where atoms share electrons in their outer-most shell rather than gaining or losing them
Molecule something made up of two or more elements bonded together. Water is an example of a molecule using covalent bonds
Created by: ecotteacher
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