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Bio 110 Exam 1 ULL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Helps keep the pH constant, usually contains a weak acid and its related base. | Buffer |
| Contain the same atoms but in different bonding relationships | Isomers |
| identical bonding relationships, but the spatial positioning of the atoms differs in the two isomers | Stereoisomers |
| Mirror images of a molecule | Enantiomers |
| Positioning around the double bond. (cis & trans) | Geometric isomers |
| What is the monomer of carbohydrates? | monosaccharide |
| What is composed of two monosaccharides? | Dissacharide |
| Multiple monosaccharides form... | polysaccharides |
| Triglycerides are formed by joining... | glycerol to three fatty acids |
| Triglycerides are joined by __ bonds | ester |
| Saturated fatty acids have __ covalent bonds | single |
| Unsaturated fatty acids have __ covalent bonds. | double |
| ___ are formed by joining 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group to glycerol. | Phospholipids |
| Proteins contain different __ within the structure. | domains |
| Amino acids are the monomers of ___ | proteins |
| ___ are made up of a carbon atom linked to a amino group and a carboxyl group. | Amino acids |
| The covalent bond within proteins are __ bonds | peptide |
| The monomer for nucleic acids are ___ | nucleotides |
| A nucleotide is built of a phosphate group, ____, and a nitrogeneous base. | a pentose sugar |
| Stores genetic material coded in the sequence of their monomer building blocks | DNA |
| Is involved in the decoding genetic information into instructions for building proteins | RNA |
| Bonds within nucleic acids are __ bonds | phosphoester |
| All __ things are composed of one or more cells Cells are the ___ units of living organisms New cells come only from pre-existing cells by ___ ___ | 1) living 2)smallest 3)cell division |
| Who came up with the cell theory? | Scleiden, Schwann, and Virchow |
| Ratio between the size of an image produced by a microscope and its actual size | Magnification |
| Ability to observe two adjacent objects distinct from one another | Resolution |
| Can be enhanced using dyes, uses an electron beam, resolution 2nm | Contrast |
| Thin slices stained with heavy metals, some electrons are scattered while others pass through to form an image | Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) |
| Beam scans surface to make 3D image | Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) |
| Found in prokaryotic cells. Site of metabolism, contained inside plasma membrane | Cytoplasm |
| Found in eukaryotic cells, known as the celluar soup. Region inside the plasma membrane but outside of organelles | Cytosol |
| Synthesize polypeptides in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic | ribosome |
| Molecular machine made up of complex proteins that produce ATP | ATP synthase |
| Found in eukaryotic cells and is involved in the modification and sorting of proteins. Studded with ribosomes | Rough ER |
| lacks ribosomes and is useful in detoxification and synthesis and the modification of lipids | Smooth ER |
| Produced in the golgi with a high pH used to break down proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and organelles | lysosome |
| What makes up chromosomes and is found in the nucleus | Chromatin |
| Small organelles found in al eukaryotic cells. Catalyze chemical rxns. Breaks down hydrogen peroxide | Peroxisome |
| Membrane within chloroplasts that stack to form granum | thylakoid membrane |
| A protein that makes up intermediate filaments, cytoskeleton | Lamin protein |
| motor protein powered by the hydrolysis of ATP | Kinesin |
| motor protein in cells which converts chemical energy in ATP into mechanical energy | Dyesin |
| Protein that makes up filament in muscle cells and is involved in the motion in other types of cells | Myosin |
| When lysosomes break down worn-out organelles it is called | autophage |
| Theory that billions of years ago cells digested mitochondria and chloroplasts and they evolved within the cells because they provided energy | Endosymbiotic theory |
Created by:
laurenGfrazier
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