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chapter 2
bio 25 2nd quiz and 1st exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter is made up of | atoms |
| protons | positive charge 1 |
| neutron | neutral charge 1 |
| electron | negative charge low mass |
| anatomical number | number of protons |
| electron cloud contains | electrons |
| what element is found in all organic molecules | carbon |
| where is nitrogen found | in proteins, nucleic acids and other organic compunds |
| what are determined by the atomic number of an atom | elements |
| what are the specific version of an element based on its mass number | isotopes |
| atomic weight is measured in what and is.. | moles.. average mass number of isotopes |
| valence shell | outermost layer |
| reactants | • Materials going into a reaction |
| products | Materials coming out of a reaction |
| All of the reactions that are occurring at one time | Metabolism |
| The power to do work | energy |
| kinetic energy | • Energy of motion |
| Potential energy | Stored energy |
| Chemical energy | Potential energy stored in chemical bonds |
| how many types of chemical reactions are there.. and they are | 4... decomposition, synthesis, exchange, reversible |
| Activation energy | is the amount of energy needed to get a reaction started |
| Enzymes are | protein catalysts that lower the activation energy of reactions |
| Exergonic (Exothermic) | Produce more energy than they use |
| Endergonic (Endothermic) Reaction | Use more energy than they produce |
| Essential molecules obtained from food | Nutrients |
| Metabolites | Molecules made or broken down in the body |
| Inorganic Compounds | Molecules not based on carbon and hydrogen |
| Molecules based on carbon and hydrogen | Organic Compound |
| is a uniform mixture of two or more substances | solution |
| solvent, | thing the solute is dissolved in ex water |
| solute | what is being dissolved ex salt |
| Ions and polar compounds undergo | ionization |
| Electrolytes | are inorganic ions that conduct electricity in solution |
| Interacts with water | Hydrophilic |
| Hydrophobic | Does NOT interact with water |
| Colloid | A solution of very large organic molecules • For example, blood plasma |
| Suspension | A solution in which particles settle (sediment) • For example, whole blood |
| The amount of solute in a solvent (mol/L, mg/mL) | Concentration |
| The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution | ph |
| Neutral pH is what number and balance | 7 and A balance of H+ and OH |
| Acidic pH | is lower than 7 and has high concentration of H+ and low concentration of OH- |
| basic ph | is above 7 and has a high concentration of OH- and low concentration of H+ |
| pH of Human Blood | 7.4 |
| acids are proton | donors |
| bases are proton | acceptors |
| Buffers | weak acid/salt compunds |
| Antacids | basic compounds that neutralize acid and form a salt |
| Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio | carbohydrates |
| Long chains of carbon and hydrogen with a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end | fatty acids |
| Eicosanoids | Derived from the fatty acid called arachidonic acid |
| Leukotrienes | Active in immune system |
| Prostaglandins | Local hormones, short-chain fatty acids |
| Fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule | Glycerides |
| e three fatty-acid tails | triglycerides |
| triGlycerides functions | 1. Energy source 2. Insulation 3. Protection |
| Four rings of carbon and hydrogen with an assortment of functional groups | steriods |
| how many types of steroids are there | 4 |
| the most abundant and important organic molecules | proteins |
| proteins contain ? amino acids | 20 |
| what are the 7 major protein functions | buffering, support, movement, transport, metabolic regulation, coordination and control, defense |
| what are the 5 components of amino acids | 1. Central carbon atom 2. Hydrogen atom 3. Amino group (—NH2 ) 4. Carboxyl group (—COOH) 5. Variable side chain or R group |
| primary structure | The sequence of amino acids along a polypeptide |
| Hydrogen bonds form spirals or pleats | secondary structure |
| Secondary structure folds into a unique shape | tertiary structure |
| Final protein shape — several tertiary structures together | Quaternary structure |
| Structural sheets or strands | Fibrous Proteins |
| Soluble spheres with active functions | Globular Proteins |
| An ion or molecule that binds to an enzyme before substrates can bind | Cofactor |
| Nonprotein organic cofactors (vitamins) | Coenzyme |
| Two enzymes that can catalyze the same reaction | Isozymes |
| Denaturation | Loss of shape and function due to heat or pH |
| building blocks of DNA and RNA | Nucleotides |
| when U replaces T its | RNA |
| WHEN A REPLACES T ITS | DNA |
| types of RNA | transfer messenger ribosomal |
| r lets your body grow, change, and adapt to new conditions and activities | metabolic turnover |
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heatherporter7
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