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SLSBio12Biomolecules
SLS Bio 12 Biomolecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Has a value less than 7 on the pH scale. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate | An organic compound that is composed of adenosine (an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) and three phosphate groups, hence, the name. |
| Amino Acid | –NH 2 |
| Base | Has a value greater than 7 on the pH scale. |
| Carbohydrate | form the supporting tissues of plants and are important food for animals and people. |
| Complementary Base Pairing | The standard arrangement of bases in nucleotides in relation to their opposite pairing |
| Dehydration Synthesis | A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid | DNA |
| Dipetide | Combination of 2 Amino Acids |
| Disaccharide | A sugar (carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides |
| Double Helix | Spiral arrangement of DNA |
| hemoglobin | Structure of human hemoglobin. The proteins' α and β subunits are in red and blue, and the iron-containing heme groups in green |
| hydrogen bonding | electromagnetic attractive interaction between polar molecules in which hydrogen (H) is bound to a highly electronegative atom, |
| hydrolysis | Hydrolysis usually means the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water |
| lipid | hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules |
| Monomer | molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer |
| monosaccharide | most basic units of biologically important carbohydrates |
| neutral fat | produced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol like glycerol |
| nucleic acids | large biological molecules, essential for all known forms of life |
| nucleotide | organic molecules that form the basic building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA |
| organic | do not involve modern synthetic inputs such as synthetic pesticides |
| peptide bond | covalent chemical bond formed when the carboxyl group reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, causing the release of H2O), hence the process is a dehydration synthesis reaction, and usually occurs between amino acids |
| pH | measure of the acidity or basicit |
| phospholipid | lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers |
| polarity | spatial differences in the shape, structure, and function of cell |
| polymer | large molecule composed of many repeated subunits, known as monomers. |
| polypeptide | A polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds |
| polysaccharide | long carbohydrate molecules of monosaccharide units joined together by glycosidic bonds |
| primary structure | linear sequence of its amino acid structural units |
| protein | large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids. |
| quaternary structure | multiple folded protein or coiling protein molecules in a multi-subunit complex. |
| R-group | chemical group attached to the alpha carbon in an amino acid. |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA), | expression of genes |
| saturated fatty acid | consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids |
| secondary structure | three-dimensional form of local segments of biopolymers |
| solvent | substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically different liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution |
| starch | carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds |
| steroids | organic compound that contains a characteristic arrangement of four cycloalkane rings that are joined to each other |
| tertiary structure | This final shape is determined by a variety of bonding interactions between the "side chains" on the amino acids |
| unsaturated fatty acid | at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain |
| nitrogenous base | nitrogen-containing organic molecule having the chemical properties of a base |
Created by:
Mevans10
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