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MC Psych Exam 1
2013 Fall with Heaton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What drug changed the way of mental health? | thorazine |
| Who traveled the country trying to treat mental patients and gaining fame? | Walter Freeman |
| What procedure did Walter Freeman perform? | transorbital lobotmy |
| The NMA definition of mental health | how a person thinks, feels, and acts when faced life's situations |
| Criterion of mental health (7) | happiness, control over behavior, appraisal of reality, effectiveness in work, a healthy self-concept, satisfying relationships, effective coping strategies |
| mental illness is | clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in a person that can be distress or disability or decreased functioning |
| mental illness is not | an expected and culturally sanctioned response to a specific event |
| resilience | factors that can affect the mental health of a person as well as the severity of problems and progression of mental illness |
| diathesis-stress model | biological predisposition of stress nature & nuture |
| levels of investigation | descriptive, analytical, experimental |
| case reports | descriptive epidemiology |
| cross sectional studies | descriptive epidemiology |
| case control studies | analytical epidemiology |
| cohort studies | epidemiology |
| test assumption & manipulates data | epidemiology |
| broad field that addresses what happens to people with illnesses who are seen by health care providers | clinical epidemiology |
| treatment strategies | clinical epidemiology |
| concerned with the distribution and determinants of health and diseases, morbidity, injuries, disabilities, and mortality in the population | epidemiology |
| the existing number of cases present in a population at a given time. total number | prevalence |
| new cases during a certain period of time in a population | incidence |
| DSM used for | diagnosing a disorder |
| levels of awareness | conscious, preconscious, unconscious |
| personality structure | id, ego, superego |
| intellectual logic | conscious |
| not immediate awareness but can recall | preconscious |
| not available and not logical and operates on pleasure principle. but effects other levels. | subconscious |
| purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and decrease or avoid anxiety | Sullivan's Theory |
| measures used to decrease things to defend against anxiety | security operations |
| conditioning | How a person thinks, feels, & acts when faced with life’s situations |
| Generalization | process of learning to be afraid of familiar objects |
| interpersonal theory | Sullivan |
| Ego theory | Erickson |
| Humanistic Theory | Maslow's |
| Psychoanalytical Theory | Freud |
| primary process | Id |
| problem solver & reality tester | Ego |
| moral component | superego |
| classic conditioning | Pavlov |
| Behaviorism theory | Watson |
| operant conditioning theory | Skinner |
| levels of anxiety, interpersonal relations, & self-awareness | Hildegard Peplau |
| classical psychoanalysis | to guide to independence by assuming responsibility for their behavior. Tries to assign correct meaning in presents |
| Transference | pt displaces onto the nurse feelings toward someone else |
| Countertransference | nurse displaces onto the patient feelings toward someone else |
| Psychodynamic therapy | uses tools psychoanalysis. Therapist is more active in the process & the duration of therapy is usually longer |
| Interpersonal psychotherapy | focus on reassurance & improvement in the community |
| Cognitive Therapy | therapists helps to correct distorted ideas |
| types of behavioral therapy | modeling, operant conditioning, systematic desensitization, aversion therapy |
| Aversion therapy | punishment if act is done. a last resort. |
| Used for: Alcoholism, shoplifting, sexual deviation | Aversion therapy |
| Milieu Therapy | safe supportive environment group therapy |
| Mental Health Team meets when? | within 72 hrs of admission |
| Case Manager Role | Coordinates care Establishes nurse-client relationship Communicates daily/weekly with insurer Provides treatment team with guidance of resource availability |
| Goal of Case Manager | Recovery from acute symptoms Reduce recidivism Enhance quality of life |
| Management #1 Responsibility | safety |
| Ethical dilemma | conflict between actions with favorable & unfavorable consequences |
| Ethics | study of philosophical beliefs of right & wrong |
| Bioethics | used in ethical dilemmas for healthcare |
| Beneficence | duty to promote good |
| Autonomy | respecting right to make own decisions |
| Justice | distributing resources equally |
| Fidelity | maintain loyalty & commitment & do good |
| Veracity | duty to communicate truthfully |
| Conditional release | outpt. & must follow up for certain time |
| Forensic nursing | applying nursing to court of law for accurate decisions, collects evidence, etc. |
| 5 Principles of Bioethics | -Beneficence -Autonomy -Justice -Fidelity -Veracity |
| Voluntary | 16 years & older, durable power of attorney, mental health treatment |
| Involuntary admission | emergency, evaluated in community, risk for serious harm |
| pt rights | treatment, refuse treatment, informed consent |
| Mood | what pt. tells you about how they feel |
| Affect | emotional tone looks to you |
| Neologisms | made up unintelligible words |
| Thought Blocking | stops abruptly thought is pulled out |
| Circumstantialities | pattern of wandering with excessive details |
| Hallucinations | hearing or seeing what no one else can |
| Illusions | something reality is misinterpreted like lamppost is a man |
| recall | few mins |
| recent | a few days |
| remote | long time ago |
| Social Relationships | communication gives advice or asks for help, content is superficial, mutually met needs, & little evaluation |
| Intimate Relationships | mutual goals that are agreed upon, mutual needs are met, emotional commitment to each other, personal info & intimate desires are shared |
| Genuineness | ability to communicate one’s feelings & listening without distorting the message. Key in building trust |
| Self-awareness | ability to examine personal feelings, understand & accept self, increase self-knowledge, increases capacity to experience new things with self-disclosure |
| Empathy | feelings & ideas of client accurately perceived & understood. Feeling with the person |
| Positive Regard | respect communicated indirectly by actions, works with client to develop personal resources, & is nonjudgmental focus |
| Blurred Boundaries | relationship shifts from therapeutic to social |
| Transference | person unconsciously displace onto individual current life emotions & behaviors from childhood that originated in relationships with significant others. Intensified with authority figure. |
| Countertransference | nurse displaces onto client feelings related to people in nurses past. Often result of transference |
| Personal Characteristics of Nurse to Promote & Grow Relationship | Genuiness, Empathy, & Positive Regard |
| Orientation | supports & encourage articulation of problems & begins termination |
| Working phase | o maintains relationship o gathers data o promotes self-esteem o guide & supports through problem solving |
| Termination | o Verbally deal with intense feelings regarding experiences o Summarizes goals & objectives o Finalizes phase |
| Communication | an interactive process between 2 or more persons |
| Convey | interests & understanding or insult & judgment, messages clearly or conflicting or implied messages, clear, honest feeling or disguised distorted feeling |
| attending behaviors | eye contact, body language, & touch that are culturally & individually appropriate |
| paraphrasing | restating |
| reflecting | form of a question |
| exploring | to find out more info |
| process recording | increases interview & communications skills by recording a segment of nurse-pt. session |
| communication process | sender->msg->receiver->media |
| Symmetrical | factors equal ie. 2 friends |
| complementary | factors equal ie. 2 friends |
| intimate distance | 0-18" |
| personal distance | 40" |
| social distance | 4-12' |
| clarifying techniques | paraphrasing, reflecting, exploring |
| 7 characteristics of a group | size, defined purpose, degree of similarity, rules, boundaries, content, & process |
| group | 2 or more people that come together for the purpose of pursuing common goals &/or interests |
| 4 advantages of group work | saving costs, benefit understanding from peers, safe setting, promote feeling of belonging |
| 3 disadvantages of group work | time constraints, confidentiality concern, & disruptive behaviors |
| group content | info shared in group |
| group process | how people talk to one another in the group |
| group norms | expected behavior in a group giving it structure |
| group themes | common emotion or problem shared by many of the group members |
| feedback | letting people know how they affect each other |
| conflict | a disagreement in the group |
| heterogeneous groups | group full of differences |
| homogenous | share a common trait like specific gender or disorder |
| closed group | only people with membership is allowed no new members are added |
| open group | new members are welcome & are added when others leave |
| subgroup | a smaller group withing a larger group that functions separetly |
| identified factors that make group therapeutic | Irvin Yalom |
| instillation of hope | leader shares optimism about group treatment & members share their improvements |
| universality | members realize they are not alone in their problems, feelings, or thoughts |
| imparting of info | participants receive formal teaching by by the leader or advice from peers |
| altruism | members feel a reward from giving support to others |
| imitative behavior | members may copy behaviors from the leader or peers & can adopt healthier habits |
| interpersonal learning | members gain insight into themselves based on the feedback from others. this is a complex process that occurs later in the group after trust is established |
| group cohesiveness | arises in mature groups when each member feels connected to the other members, leader, & group as a whole. member can accept + feedback & constructive criticism. powerful factor |
| catharsis | intense feelings are shared |
| group leadership responsibilities | initiating, maintaining, and terminating group |
| autocratic leadership | exerts control over the group & does not encourage much interaction among members |
| democratic leadership | supports extensive group interaction in the process of problem solving |
| laissez-faire leadership | allows the group members to behave in any way chosen & doesn't attempt to control |
| psychoeducational groups | increases knowledge or skills about a specific somatic or psychological subject. members communicate emotional concerns |
| medication education group | teaches about medications, answers questions, & preps for self-management |
| health education | teaches them about a topic ie. sex education |
| dual diagnosis group | incorporate learning about co-existing mental illnesses & substance abuse |
| symptom management groups | common symptom resulting from a disorder the group focuses on sharing +/- experiences in coping to learn from another |
| stress management group | teach about various relaxation techniques like deep breathing, exercise, music, & spirituality |
| self-help groups | provide pts with opportunity to maintain or enhance personal & social functioning through cooperation & shared understandings |
| group psychotherapy | treatment intervention where trained leader establishes purpose of treating pts |
| psychodrama group | members are encouraged to act out life experiences of situations for purpose of learning & insights |
| dialectical behavior treatment | pt seen each wk with goal of improving skills & reduce self-destructive behaviors. discouraged from making observations |
| group therapy is about what? | working through problem & behaviors |
| monopolizing member | talkative inhibits chance to be heard |
| fix for monopolizing member | remind equal chance to talk, request someone who haven't heard speak, speak to that member in private |
| complaining member | rejects help but continually brings environmental or somatic problems & takes pride in it |
| fix for complaining member | acknowledge pessimism but maintain neutral affect |
| demoralizing member | - behavior & refuses to take any responsibilities. challenges the group leader |
| fix for demoralizing member | talk to them in private, focus on + members, empathize in a matter-of-fact manner |
| silent member | observing for safety 1st. can't benefit from feedback & insights if uncomfortable or mistrust |
| fix for silent member | give more time to think & come back to them, assign a topic for all to respond, break up groups into pairs |
| expected outcomes | vary between group types |
| education outcome | demonstration of knowledge |
| therapy outcome | focus on insights, behavior changes, & reduction of symptoms |
Created by:
midnight1854
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