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Stevie- Science-18-3
Chapter 18- Section 3 Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Limiting factor | any resource that is low and limits the size of a population |
| Carrying capacity | largest population the environment can support |
| Carrying capacity is determined by | limiting factors |
| 4 types of main interactions between organisms | competition; predator and prey; symbiotic relationships; coevolution |
| Competition | When two organisms try to use the same resource (such as food, water, shelter) |
| Prey | the organism that gets eaten |
| Predator | the organism that eats the other |
| Examples of Predator adaptions | fast running cheetahs; spiders weaving webs; camouflage; sharp teeth in a shark |
| Examples of Prey adaptions | become fast to run away; camouflage to hide; poisonous to not get eaten, defensive chemicals; warning coloration; mimicry; live in large groups |
| camouflage | blending in which the background. |
| defensive chemicals | a defensive mechanism some animals produce to ward off predators. Ex.- skunk and bombardier beetle spry irritating chemicals |
| Warning coloration | a defensive mechanism some animals produce to ward off predators. Predators will avoid any animal that has the colors and patterns they associate with pain, illness or unpleasant experiences- |
| Symbiosis | long term close relationship between two species. Two species live with each other |
| 3 types of symbiosis | 1. Mutualism; 2. Commensalism; 3. Parasitism |
| Mutualism | symbiosis when both organisms help each other |
| examples of mutualism | Clown fish attracts food for anemone, anemone protects clown fish. Bacteria helps you digest food, you help bacteria get nutrients |
| Commensalism | symbiosis when one organism benefits and the second organism is not affected |
| examples of commensalism | Remoras ride on sharks and eat the scraps sharks leave behind. Bird makes a nest in a tree. |
| Parasitism | Symbiosis that has one organism benefiting while the other is harmed. One organism takes advantage of the other |
| Examples of Parasitism | A wasp lays eggs in a caterpillar and the eggs slowly feeon on the Caterpillar. A tapeworm lives inside a dog slowly eating its food. A mosquito sucks your blood. |
| Parasite and Host | Organisms involved in Parasitism. Parasite takes advantage of the host. Host are sometimes killed. |
| Coevolution | when the interaction between two organisms causes them both to change over time. |
| Example of when predators and prey coevolve | Gazelles get fast to run away from cheetahs- Cheetah get faster to keep catching gazelles--back and forth pushing each other to evolve. |
| Example when mutualism can cause coevolution | Flowers evolve to attract a pollinator. |
| Factors that affect population size | Natality and Mortality |
| Natality | # of births per 1000 individuals of a population |
| Mortality | # of deaths per 1000 individuals of a population |
| Primary succession | Colonization of living organisms in an area that was not previously colonized of living things(lava makes new island, sand bar, exposure of igneous rock by land slide) |
| Secondary succession | Regeneration of living communities after a major disturbance (fire, large tree) |
| mimicry | looking like another organism |
Created by:
cberlin5157
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