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bioo
chap 6, September
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atoms | --building blocks of matter |
| nucleus | -center of the atom |
| protons | -positively charged particles in the atom |
| neutron | -particles that have no charge in the atom |
| electrons | -negatively charged particles that are located outside the nucleus of the atom |
| element | -a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. They cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions, but they can be rearranged |
| isotopes | -atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| compound | -pure substance formed when 2 or more different elements combine. They are chemically different than elements and they cannot be physically broken down.exs; h2o |
| covalent bond | - the chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared. They like to hook up with an element and share its outer ring, valence, until it is full |
| molecule | -compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds |
| ion | -atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons |
| ionic bonds | -is an electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms called ions. They are made by donating or accepting electrons. They can be represented by Bohr diagram or Lewis dot Diagram |
| chemical reaction | -process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are organized into different substances to make something new. Occurs when bonds break and reform, causing a chemical change |
| reactant | -starting substances, on left side of the arrow. This is what goes in. Examples: Na and H20 |
| product | - the substances formed during the reaction are on the right side of the arrow. This is what goes out. Examples: NaOH and H2 |
| activation energy | -the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction |
| catalyst | -a substance that lowers the activation energy to start a chemical reaction. It makes the reaction happen faster. in humans they are enzymes ex salvia |
| enzymes | -biological catalyst that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in biological process (in humans) |
| polar molecules | -oppositely charged regions |
| hydrogen bond | weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen bond |
| mixture | -a combination of 2 or more substances in which each substance keep its original properties |
| solution | -another name for a homogenous mixture, like the air we breathe. It has a uniform composition which means things are mixed equally and cannot be separated. The two parts of it are solute and solvent. Examples: kool aid, gatorade, air, blood |
| solvent | -a substance in which another substance is dissolved |
| solute | -the substance that is dissolved in the solvent |
| acids | -substance that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. |
| heterogenous mixture | -you can separate the things that are mixed together ex salad |
| when compounds are made they are always in fixed ratios... | which means they always have the same amount of atoms |
| valence | -the outer ring of an element when it is shared in a covalent bond. also an energy level |
| the electron number is the same as... | the atomic number found on the periodic table |
| physical change | substance stays the same, it just changes its shape, like making ice, the only thing different is the temperature |
| amylase | an enzyme found in saliva, it starts the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth. Without this important enzyme we would not get the nutrients we need in out blood to survive. |
| protease | an enzyme that breaks down protein in the stomach; Without this important enzyme we would not get the nutrients we need in out blood to survive. |
Created by:
Ray G
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