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Chapter 24 Origin
Origin of species
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Speciation | Process by which a species splits into two or more species |
| What is speciation a bridge between? | microevolution and macroevolution |
| Species | 'kind' or 'appearance' its the basic unit of classification |
| Biological Species Concept | a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable fertile offspring, but cannot produce viable offspring with other kinds. |
| Who developed the biological species concept? and what year? | Ernst Mayer 1942 |
| What are the problems with the biological species concept? | 1. Identifying the species 2.Hybrids in captivity 3. hybrids in the wild 4. asexual or parthengogenic species 5. ring species |
| Allopatric speciation | population is diveded into geographically isolated populations |
| What can allopatric speciation lead to? | Adaptive radiation |
| Adaptive radiation | one species rapidly spreads into many different species |
| Sympatric speciation | a speciation event occuring between populations that overlap in space |
| Prezygotic Barrier | prevent mating or fertilization |
| What are the prezygotic barriers? | 1. habitat isolation 2. temporal isolation 3.behavioral isolation 4.mechanical isolation 5. gametic isolation |
| Habitat Isolation | Occupying different habitats, not found in the same area. |
| Temporal Isolation | Breed during different seasons |
| Behavioral Isolation | courtship behaviors do not match |
| Mechanical Isolation | anatomical difference, 'square peg in a round hole' |
| Gametic Isolation | gametes of one organism may not be able to fertilize another. |
| Postzygotic Barriers | barriers that prevent the development of alive and fertile offspring. |
| What are the postzygotic barriers? | 1. Reduced hybrid viability 2. reduced hybrid fertility 3.hybrid breakdown |
| Reduced Hybrid Viabiltiy | does not survive birth, or is weak with little chance of surviving. |
| Reduced hybrid Fertility | Healthy offspring, but sterile |
| Hybrid Breakdown | |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | a new species rapidly diverges from an ancestor then shows very little change through the rest of existance |
| Phyletic Gradualism | species descends from a common ancestor by gradually diverging as they accumulate unique characteristics. |
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