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Chapter 5 Carbs Bio

QuestionAnswer
monosaccharides monomers of carbohydrates or sugars
oligosaccharides few sugars
polysaccharides many sugars
carbohydrates consists of which two groups carbonyl and several hydroxyl
two smallest monosaccharides ketose and aldose
another name for ketose and aldose ketone sugar and aldehyde sugar
where are carbonyl groups in ketose and aldose's carbon chain within and at the end of molecules
presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups gives sugars what kind of functional groups reactive and hydrophilic functional groups
number osf what atoms caries in monosaccharides carbon
three carbond sugars trioses
five carbon sugars pentoses
six carbon sugar hexose
three ways monosaccharides can very location of carbonyl group, number of carbon atoms, and spatial arrangement of atoms
glucose is mostly found in what kind of structure ring
alpha glucose has hydroxyl group where below plane
beta glucose has hydroxyl group where above plane
general formula of carbohydrates (CH20)n
two six carbon sugars glucose and galatose
to form ring structure, what bonds in linear form oxygen and carbon
to form ring structure, oxygen from which carbon bonds to which carbon 5 to 1
where is -OH in alpha/beta glucose carbon 1
two sugars disaccharides
maltose is made up of 2 alpha glucose
lactose is made up of beta galactose and beta glucose
glycosidic linkage covalent interaction bwteen two hydroxy groups
which bond is harder to break, a glycosidic or beta beta
why can location and geometry of gycosidic linkages vary among polysaccharides because glycosidic linkages form between hyroxyl groups and every monosaccharide contains at least two hydroxyls
two common glycosidic linkages alpha 1,4 and beta 1,4
alpha and beta refer to what in bonds of glucose rings orientation of C-1 hydroxyls (above/below plane)
starch consists of what kind of monomers alpha glucose
which two polysaccharides make up starch amylose and amylopectin
which polysaccharide contains only alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkages amylose
function of starch monosaccharide storage in plant cells
function of glycogen animal storage
which polymer has alpha 1,6 out of every 30 monomers? 10? amylopectin, glycogen
major componenet of cell wal in plants cellulose
Cellulose is polymer of what monomers and what linkages beta glucose and beta 1,4 linkages
where is glycogen stored liver and muscles
function of cellulose structural support in cel walls of plants and algae
function of chitin structural support of wal of fungi and insects
function of peptidoglycan structural support inn bacteria cell walls
how does chitin differ from cellulose it has NAG monosaccharide
which polysaccharides form alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkages starch, glycogen
which polysaccharides form beta 1,4 glycosidic linkages cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan
Which two polysaccharies are joined by H bonds cellylose and chitin
which polysaccharide is joined by peptide bonds peptidoglycan
most abundant orgainc compound cellulose
three functions of carbohydrates provide structural fibrous materials, indicate cell identity, and store chemical energy
glycoprotein unique sugars on surface of cell to identify self and nonself to immune system
a glycoprotein is made up of short oligosaccharides
photosynthesis sores what in where sunlight in bonds of carbohydrates
the C-O bonds in carbs have high or low potential energy? why? low because of oxygens high electronegativity
the C-H bonds in carbs have high or low potential energy? why? high beccause electronegativity of C and H is about the same
in C-C bonds in carbs, is there a high or low potential energy? why? high because electrons are shared equally
which linkages are hydrolyzed to release glucose alpha linkages
phosphorylase enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of alpha linkages in glycogen molecules in protein
amylases enzyme that catalyzes breaking down of alpha linkages in glycogen molecules in protein
Created by: kbaalman
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