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mcleod atmosphere
ch 12 the atmosphere
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the envelope of gases that surrounds the planet | atmosphere |
| makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things | Earth's atmosphere |
| the condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place | weather |
| 21% of atmosphtere and produced by plants | oxygen |
| 78% of atmosphere and produced by volcanic eruptions, decaying dead plants and animals | nitrogen |
| carbon dioxide; argon; water vapor; neon; helium; methane; krypton; hygdrogen make up | 1% of atmosphere |
| harmful substances in the air, water, or soil can be natural or result of human activities | pollutants |
| the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface | air pressure |
| air pressure decreases and temperature decreases | altitude increases |
| height above sea level | altitude |
| an instrument used to measure air pressure | barometer |
| mercury barometer and aneroid barometer | 2 kinds of barometers |
| inches of mercury or millibars are used to measure | units of air pressure |
| Earth's atmosphere has ______ layers | four |
| lowest layer of atmosphere | troposphere |
| layer we live in | troposphere |
| all weather occurs in this layer | troposphere |
| most of the mass of the atmosphere is here | troposphere |
| air is thin little moisture | stratosphere |
| absorbs most of the sun's UV rays | ozone (O3) layer |
| ozone layer is part of the _________ | stratosphere |
| coldest layer of the atmosphere | mesosphere |
| protects the Earth's surface from being hit by most meteroids | mesosphere |
| uppermost layer of Earth's atmosphere | thermosphere |
| Ionosphere and Exosphere are part of the ____ | thermosphere |
| lower part of the thermosphere | ionosphere |
| has electrically charged particles (ions) radio waves bounce of ions back to Earth's surface | ionosphere |
| Aurora Borealis (nothern lights) occur here | ionosphere |
| outermost layer of the thermosphere | exosphere |
| communications satellites are here | exosphere |
| a form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space | electromagnetic waves |
| the earth receives energy from the sun by ____ | radiation |
| the transfer of energy as electromagnetci waves | radiation |
| most of the energy from the sun travels to the earth in the form of _____ | visible light and infrared radiation |
| a small amount of energy from the sun arrives on the earth as ________ | ultraviolet radiation |
| ROY G BIV | visible light |
| infrared radiation and ultraviolet radiation | non-visible radiation |
| longer wavelengths and can be felt as heat | infrared radiation |
| shorter wavelenght and can cause sunburn, skin cancer and eye damage | ultraviolet radiation |
| the earth absorbs and reflects _________ | incoming sunlight |
| absorbed sunlight changes into ______ | heat |
| when the earth's surface is heated, it radiates most of the energy back into the _________ as infrared radiation | atmosphere |
| dark roughg surfaces absorb heat better than _________ | light smooth surfaces |
| the transfer of thermal energy from one material to another by direct contact | conduction |
| the air in _________ with the surface of the earth is heated by conduction | contact |
| the earth's atmosphere is heated in several ways by the ____________ | transfer of energy from the sun |
| empty, no molucules | vacuum |
| can be seen | visible |
| can not be seen | non-visible |
| transfer | move from one place or thing to another |
| take in a sponge ______________ water | absorbs |
| give back or show an image of a mirror _____________ my face | reflects |
| the total energy of motion in the particles of a substance | thermal energa |
| most thermal energy in the atomosphere moves by _____________ | convection |
| the transfer of thermal energy by the circulation (circle) or movement of a liquid or gas | convection |
| ___________ is less dense so it rises (goes up) | warm air |
| ______________ is more dense so it sinks (goes down) | cool air |
| circular (circle) movement of liquid or gas | convection current |
| the natural heating process of a planet by which gases in the atmosphere trap thermal energy | the greenhouse effect |
| gases that trap thermal energy | greenhouse gases |
| CO2 is increasing because of ___________ | human activity |
| a rise in the average global temperature | global warming |
| balance between incoming energy and outging energy | radiation balance |
| radiation balance 70% is _____________ and 30% is ___________ | absorbed and reflected |
| 3 ways heat is transferred in the atmosphere | radiation, conduction, convection |
| the transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler object | heat |
| the horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure | wind |
| all winds are caused by different __________ | air pressures |
| unequal heating of the atmosphere causes most differences in ____________ | air pressure |
| __________ measures wind direction | wind vane |
| ____________ measures wind speed | anemometer |
| the increased cooling that wind causes | wind chill factor |
| 2 main types of winds | local winds and global winds |
| ___________ blow over short distances caused by unequal heating of the Earth's surface within a small area | local winds |
| ___________ blows from ocean (water) to land | sea breeze |
| __________ blows from land to ocean (water) | land breeze |
| during the day the sun heats the valley floor and warms the air above it then the warm air from the valley moves up | valley breeze |
| at night the mountains cool faster than the valleys and cold air from the mountain top sinks (moves down) to the valley | mountain breeze |
| winds that blow steadly from specific directions over long distances and occur over large areas | global winds |
| temperature differences between the equator and the poles produce giant convection currents in the atmosphere | global convection currents |
| at the __________ warm, less dense air rises and has lower air pressure | equator |
| at the __________ poles cold, denser air sinks and has greater (higher) air pressure | the poles |
| global wind systems curve due to the rotation of the earth | corolis effect |
Created by:
f mcleod
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