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SLSBio12Biomoleabby
SLS Bio12 Biomolecules Abby
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adenine | A purine base usually occurring complexed with ribose or deoxyribose to form adenosine and deoxyadenosine |
| Adenosine triphosphate | This occurs when adenosine is modified by the addiction of three phosphate groups instead of one |
| Amino acid | They are important organic compounds made from amine and carboxylic acid |
| Base | A substance that in aqueous solution is slippery to touch, tastes bitter and changes the color of indicators and takes in excess hydrogen ion |
| Buffer | A buffer is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and a conjugate acid |
| Carbohydrate | A carbohydrate is an organic compound comprising only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| Complementary base | The formation of weak hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases on opposite strands of a double stranded nucleic acid molecule |
| Dehydration synthesis | This refers to the type of reaction wherein something is formed at the cost of losing water molecules from the reacting substances. |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organism |
| Dipeptide | It is a combination of two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond |
| Disaccharide | This is a sugar composed of two monosaccharides. |
| Hemoglobin | It is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen |
| Hydrolysis | This is a reaction where something is broken down with the use of water |
| Lipid | Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, and steroids |
| Monomer | A molecule that will bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer |
| Monosaccharides | Are a type of simple carbohydrate |
| Nucleic acid | A nucleic acid is a polymer compromising of numerous nucleotide |
| Nucleotide | Nucleotides are organic molecules that form the basic building blocks of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA |
| Peptide bonds | A bond that joins two amino acids together |
| pH | pH is the measure of acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution |
| Phospholipids | This is a combination of two fatty acid and a phosphate group |
| Polarity | The direction of charged particles which may determine the binary status of a bit |
| Polymer | A compound of high molecular weight derived either by the addition of many smaller molecules |
| Polypeptide | Is the combination of many amino groups to form long chains joined together by peptide bonds |
| Polysaccharide | Polysaccharides are long carbohydrate molecules of monosaccharide units joined together by glycosidic bonds |
| Primary structure | This is the linear sequence of amino acids formed by proteins |
| Protein | Proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acids. |
| Quaternary structure | This is the arrangement of multiple folded protein or coiling protein molecule in a multi-subunit complex |
| R-group. | An R-group is the chemical group attached to the alpha carbon in an amino acid |
| Ribonucleic acid | This is one of the two major nucleic acid in the body |
| Saturated fatty acid | A fatty acid that possesses no double bonds, so that it has the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms |
| Secondary structure | Most proteins contain one or more stretches of amino acids that take on a characteristic structure in 3-D |
| Starch | Starch is a complex carbohydrate specifically a polysaccharide that is used by plants as a way to store excess glucose |
| Steroid | Any of a large group of fat soluble organic compounds, that act as the sterols, bile acids, and sex hormones, most of which have specific physiological action |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | Fatty acids that possesses at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain |
| Nitrogenous base. | A nitrogen containing organic molecule having the chemical properties of a base. |
| Solvent | Any substance that can dissolve a solute |
| Hydrogen bonding | Electromagnetic attractive interaction between polar molecules in which hydrogen is bound to a highly electronegative atom |
| Tertiary structure | Helix folds into a characteristic globular shape due to bending between R-groups |
| Acid | Acids are molecules that dissolve in water releasing hydrogen ions |
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abby2
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