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Geology 1401 Test 1

September 16th 2013

QuestionAnswer
Oceanic Crust is; Thin.
Continental Crust is; Thick.
Earth's crust is broken up into sections called; Tectonic Plates.
A Divergent Plate Boundary moves; away from one another.
A Convergent Plate Boundary moves; towards one another.
A Trasform Plate Boundary moves; Slide against one another.
The Rio Grande Rift is a; Divergent Plate Boundary.
Define Subduction; old, oceanic crust that sinks into the Mantel.
Define Continental Subduction; Thick, less dense, continental crust that cannot subduct. (Ex. Himalayas)
What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault? Transform Boundary.
What is the main force in the movement of Earths Plates? Heat, caused by gravity and density differences between oceanic and continental crust.
Earth is composed of what? Rocks (rx)
Rocks are defined as? Aggregates of minerals.
Substance that can't be broken down any further by ordinary chemical means; composed of atoms that are all the same. Elements.
The Fundamental unit of Matter, composed of atomic particles. Atoms.
The Atomic number of an element is known by; The number of protons.
The Atomic Mass is known by; Neutrons and Protons combined. (Added together)
A neutral atom has; No Net Charge.
Oceanic Crust is; Thin.
Define Isotopes; Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) but with different masses. (different numbers of neutrons)
Continental Crust is; Thick.
Describe the 3 characteristics of the Octet Rule. 1. Atoms with be stable only is the outer shell is completely full of electrons. 2. Inner most shell can only have 2 Electrons. 3. Outer shell full. 8 Electrons.
Earth's crust is broken up into sections called; Tectonic Plates.
This Type of Bond allows the atom to gain or lose an electron to stabilize. Ionic Bond.
A Divergent Plate Boundary moves; away from one another.
This Type of Bond allows the atom to share electrons. Covalent Bond.
A Convergent Plate Boundary moves; towards one another.
This Type of Bond allows electrons to "flow" or move between atoms. Metallic Bonding.
A Trasform Plate Boundary moves; Slide against one another.
Amorphous Solid is; atoms randomly arranged. (Ex. Glass)
The Rio Grande Rift is a; Divergent Plate Boundary.
Crystalline Solid; atoms arranged in an orderly repeated pattern. (Ex. ALL Minerals)
Define Subduction; old, oceanic crust that sinks into the Mantel.
Name Characteristics of Minerals. (5 Total) 1. Naturally Occurring. 2. Inorganic 3. Crystalline Solids 4. Have distinctive physical properties. 5.Definate Chemical composition.
Define Continental Subduction; Thick, less dense, continental crust that cannot subduct. (Ex. Himalayas)
Name the Mineral. Wood, Diamond, Steel.
What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault? Transform Boundary.
Crystal Form of Minerals; Happen when a mineral develops in perfect conditions creating flat faces that reflect the orderly crystalline structure.
What is the main force in the movement of Earths Plates? Heat, caused by gravity and density differences between oceanic and continental crust.
What is Cleavage? The repeated breaking plane of a mineral. Caused by weak atomic bonds throughout the mineral.
Earth is composed of what? Rocks (rx)
Rocks are defined as? Aggregates of minerals.
Substance that can't be broken down any further by ordinary chemical means; composed of atoms that are all the same. Elements.
The Fundamental unit of Matter, composed of atomic particles. Atoms.
The Atomic number of an element is known by; The number of protons.
The Atomic Mass is known by; Neutrons and Protons combined. (Added together)
A neutral atom has; No Net Charge.
Define Ion; Charged Atom. Where Protons are equal to electrons.
Define Isotopes; Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) but with different masses. (different numbers of neutrons)
Describe the 3 characteristics of the Octet Rule. 1. Atoms with be stable only is the outer shell is completely full of electrons. 2. Inner most shell can only have 2 Electrons. 3. Outer shell full. 8 Electrons.
This Type of Bond allows the atom to gain or lose an electron to stabilize. Ionic Bond.
This Type of Bond allows the atom to share electrons. Covalent Bond.
This Type of Bond allows electrons to "flow" or move between atoms. Metallic Bonding.
Amorphous Solid is; atoms randomly arranged. (Ex. Glass)
Crystalline Solid; atoms arranged in an orderly repeated pattern. (Ex. ALL Minerals)
Name Characteristics of Minerals. (5 Total) 1. Naturally Occurring. 2. Inorganic 3. Crystalline Solids 4. Have distinctive physical properties. 5.Definate Chemical composition.
Name the Mineral. Wood, Diamond, Steel.
Crystal Form of Minerals; Happen when a mineral develops in perfect conditions creating flat faces that reflect the orderly crystalline structure.
What is Cleavage? The repeated breaking plane of a mineral. Caused by weak atomic bonds throughout the mineral.
Cleavage; One Plane Sheet Cleavage
Cleavage; Two planes meeting at a 90 degree angle Stair step Cleavage
Cleavage; Two planes meeting at a 120 degree angle Rooftop Cleavage
Cleavage; Three planes meeting at a 90 degree angle Cubic Cleavage
Cleavage; Three planes meeting at a 70-110 degree angle Rhomb Cleavage
Define Fracture or "None" Cleavage. Equal bond/strength that makes the mineral look shattered. (No visible lines of cleavage)
Hardness of a mineral is tested how? Mohs Scale of Hardness 1-10.
The Hardness of Glass? 5.5
The Hardness of a fingernail? 2.5
What defines Luster? Metallic, Nonmetallic, transparent, translucent, pearly, earthy.
What two elements comprise 75% of the Earths crust? Silicon (28%) and Oxygen (47%). (Silica)
Any mineral with silicon and oxygen are called? Silicate Minerals.
Name the 3 Families of Rocks. Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
How do Igneous Rocks form? When molten rock becomes solid.
Magma that stays deep in the crust & crystallizes is called what? Plutonic or Intrusive.
Magman that erupts onto the surface (lava) is called what? Volcanic or Extrusive.
What is Sedimentary Rocks? Any Rock on the surface that begins to break down.
Weathering of rocks leads to what? Sediment
How is sediment transported? Wind or Water
When sediment is transported, deposited and turned into a solid sedimentary rock by compaction and cementation is its callled... lithification. Creating a Clastic rock.
Mineralized shells and minerals that have precipitated from water (evaporation) are known as what? Chemical/Biochemical
Metamorphic Rocks are.. Preexisting rocks subject to high temperatures and pressures that change physical and chemical properties of the rock. (metamorphism)
Metamorphic changes must happen under what constant condition? The Change must occur without melting the rock entirely.
Where is the Mantel? Under the Earths Crust
The outer 100km of the Earth is called what? The Lithosphere.
Latitude runs; East to West
Longitude runs; North to South. Also called Meridians.
0 degrees Latitude is Called What? The Equator.
0 dgrees Longitude is Calles What? Prime Meridian. Greenwich, England.
Opposite the 0 Longitude is the 180 degree, known as what? International Date Line. Divide Earth into Western and Eastern Hemispheres.
What Divides Earth into Western and Eastern Hemispheres. International Date line and Prime Meridian.
Created by: EmilyWhite6
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