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AP bio chapter 43
Behavioral Ecology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| altruism | Social interaction that has the potential to decrease the lifetime reproductive success of the member exhibiting the behavior. |
| associative learning | Acquired ability to associate two stimuli or between a stimulus and a response. |
| auditory communication | Sound that an animal makes for the purpose of sending a message to another individual. |
| behavior | Observable, coordinated responses to environmental stimuli |
| behavioral ecology | Study of how natural selection shapes behavior. |
| classical conditioning | Type of learning whereby an unconditioned stimulus that elicits a specific response is paired with a neutral stimulus so that the response becomes conditioned |
| communication | Signal by a sender that influences the behavior of a receiver. |
| fixed action pattern (FAP) | Innate behavior pattern that is stereotyped, spontaneous, independent of immediate control, genetically encoded, and independent of individual learning. |
| imprinting | Learning to make a particular response to only one type of animal or object. |
| inclusive fitness | Fitness that results from personal reproduction and from helping nondescendant relatives reproduce. |
| insight learning | Ability to apply prior learning to a new situation without trial-and-error activity. |
| kin selection | Indirect selection; adaptation to the environment due to the reproductive success of an individual’s relatives. |
| learning | Relatively permanent change in an animal’s behavior that results from practice and experience. |
| migration | Regular back-and-forth movement of animals between two geographic areas at particular times of the year. |
| monogamous | Breeding pair of organisms that reproduce only with each other through their lifetime. |
| navigate | To steer or manage a course by adjusting one’s bearings and following the result of the adjustment. |
| operant conditioning | Learning that results from rewarding or reinforcing a particular behavior. |
| optimal foraging model | Analysis of behavior as a compromise of feeding costs versus feeding benefits. |
| orientation | In birds, the ability to know present location by tracking stimuli in the environment. |
| pheromone | Chemical messenger that works at a distance and alters the behavior of another member of the same species. |
| polyandrous | Practice of female animals having several male mates; found in the New World monkeys where the males help in rearing the offspring. |
| polygamous | Practice of males having several female mates. |
| reciprocal altruism | The trading of helpful or cooperative acts by individuals, the animal that was helped will repay the debt at some later time. |
| sexual selection | Changes in males and females, often due to male competition and female selectivity, leading to increased fitness. |
| sign stimulus | The environmental trigger that causes a fixed action pattern or unchanging behavioral response. |
| society | Group in which members of species are organized in a cooperative manner, extending beyond sexual and parental behavior. |
| tactile communication | Communication through touch; for example, when a chick pecks its mother for food, chimpanzees groom each other, and honeybees “dance.” |
| territoriality | Marking and/or defending a particular area against invasion by another species member; area often used for the purpose of feeding, mating, and caring for young. |
| territory | Area occupied and defended exclusively by an animal or group of animals. |
| visual communication | Form of communication between animals using their bodies, includes various forms of display. |
Created by:
arincon1
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