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CHAPTER 7 VOCAB

bio chemistry

TermDefinition
CELL basic unitof all organisms; all living things are composed of cells
CELL THEORY the theory that (1)all organisms are composed of one or more cells, (2)the cell is basic unit of stucture and organization of organisms, (3)all cells come from pre existing cells.
COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE instrument that uses light and a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps; can magnify an object up to 1500 times its orininal size
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE insrument that uses a beam of electrons instead of light to magnify structures up to 500,000 times its actual size; allows scientists to veiw structures withen a cell.
EUKARYOTE unicellular or multicellular organisms,such as yeast,plants ,and animals,composed of eukaryotic cells, which contain a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
NUCLEUS positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organella that manages cellular functions and contains DNA
ORGANELLE membrane bound-stuctures with particular fuctions withen eukaryotic cells
PROKARYOTE unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, each of which is composed of a prokaryote cell. prokaryotic cells lack internaol membrane-bound structures
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer
PHOSPHOLIPID lipids with a an attached phosphate group; plasma membranes are composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
PLASMA MEMBRANE flexible boundery between the cell and its enviorment; allows materials such as water and nutrients to enter and waste products to leave
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY feature of the plasma membrane that maintains homeostasis within a cell by allowing some molecules into the cell while keeping others out.
TRANSPORT PROTEINS proteins that span the plasma membrane creating a selectively permeable mebrane that regulates which molecules enter and leave a cell.
CELL WALL fairly rigid stucture located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi , most bacteria, and some protists; provides support and protection.
CHLOROPHYLL light-absorbing pigment in plants and some mprotists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green
CHLOROPLAST chlorophyll-containing organellas found in the cells of green plants and some protists; capture light energy and converted it into chemical energy.
CHROMATIN long strabds of dna found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes.
CILIA short, numerous,hairlike projections composed of pairs of microtubules; frequently aid in locomotion.
cytoplasm clear,gelatinous fluid in cells that is the site of numerous chemical reactions; in eukaryotic cells, it suspends the cells organelles
cytoskeleton cellular framwork found within the cytoplasem composed of microtubules and micrefilaments
endoplasmic reticulum organelle in eukaryotic cells with a series of highly folded membrabes surrounded in cytoplasem; site of cellular chemical reactions; can either be rough( with ribosomes) or smooth(without ribosomes).
flagella long projections composed; found of on some cell surfaces; they help propel cells and organisms by a whiplike motion.
golgi apparatus organelle in eukayotic cells with a system of mflattened tubular membranes; sorts and packs proteins and sends them to their apprpriate destinations.
lysosome organelles that contain digestive enzymes; digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed virses or bacteria
microfilament thin solid protein fibers that provide stuctural support for eukaryotic cells
microtubule thin, hollow cylenders made of protein that provide stuctural support for eukaryotic cells.
mitochondira eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles that transform inner membrane that produces energy-storing molecules.
nucleolus organelle in eukaryotic cell nucleus that produces ribosomes.
plastid group of plant organelles that are used for storage of starches, lipids, or pigments.
ribosome nonmembrane-bound organelles in the nucleus where proteins are assembled
vacuole membrane-bound space in the cytoplasm of cells used for the temporary storage of materials.
Created by: hedgepeth514
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