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BEHP 5011 Unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Omnibus Term | Cover various functions of stimuli; used to categorize stimuli that have multiple functions. |
| Aversive Stimulus | Its presentation evokes behavior that terminates it. Its onset weakens behavior that precedes its onset. Its offset strengthens behavior that precedes its offset. It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses. |
| Appetitive Stimulus | Its onset strengthens behavior that precedes its onset. Its offset weakens behavior that precedes its offset. It abates behavior that removes it. It may elicit smooth muscle and gland responses. |
| Behavior Chain | A sequence of responses in which each response produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that response and as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain. |
| Chained Schedule | A schedule of reinforcement in which the response requirements of two or more basic schedules must be met in a specific sequence before reinforcement is delivered. |
| Induction | The spread of the effects of reinforcement to responses outside the limits of an operant class. |
| Shaping | Differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior |
| Shaping Across Topographies | The terminal target response is a distinct topography – a different response – than the response that is currently occurring. |
| Shaping Within Topographies | The terminal target response is similar in form to the initial response, but varies across some dimension, such as rate or duration. |
| Parameters of Reinforcement | Magnitude Quantity Duration |
| Schedules of Reinforcement | A schedule of reinforcement is the rule which describes or specifies which responses will be followed by reinforcement and which will not. |
| Continuous Reinforcement | Each and every single response that is emitted is reinforced; that is, reinforcement occurs each and every single time the behavior occurs; used to establish or strengthen behavior |
| Intermittent Reinforcement | Some responses are reinforced and some are not; used to maintain already established behavior. |
| Ratio Schedule | Reinforcement is delivered after a certain number of responses. |
| Interval Schedule | Reinforcement is delivered for the FIRST response after a certain amount of time since the previous reinforcement. |
| Fixed Schedule | The number of responses, or amount of time, remains the same. |
| Variable Schedule | The number of responses, or amount of time, is random, but centers around (i.e., averages out to) a particular value. |
| Limited Hold | A restriction placed on an interval schedule requiring that the response occur within a specified time limit following the interval to be eligible for reinforcement. |
| FR Schedules | All or none schedules, as they produce a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement which is followed by a burst of responding. Pauses tend to be longer the thinner the schedule. |
| VR Schedules | Produce steady and high rates of responding. |
| Ratio Strain | A behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules. |
| FI Schedules | Scalloped; Produce a pause in responding immediately after reinforcement which is followed by a gradual increase in the rate of responding, with the highest rates at the time closest to reinforcement. |
| VI Schedules | Produce steady, low to moderate rates of responding. |
| Time-based Schedules | A preferred stimulus is delivered at a point in time without a response requirement. |
| Differential Reinforcement of High Rates of Responding (DRH) | Reinforcement occurs if and only if the rate of response is equal to or greater than a specified value. |
| DRH-IRT | The contingency for reinforcement is governed by the time elapsed between successive responses (as opposed to responses per unit of time). |
| Concurrent Schedules | Consists of two or more schedules operating simultaneously but independently of each other, each for a different response. |
| Multiple Schedules | Consists of two or more alternating schedules, each associated with a different stimulus. |
| Mixed Schedules | The same as a multiple schedule except that there are no different stimuli associated with each component schedule. |
| Chained Schedules | A conditioned reinforcer is produced by completion of the response requirements for that component schedule in the chain. |
| Tandem Schedules | No discriminative stimuli in the links of the chain. |
| Behavioral Contrast | A change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule |
| Matching Law | The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement. |
Created by:
duriarte2013
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