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SLS Biomolecules AV
SLS Bio12 Biomolecules AV
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Molecules tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and to lower its pH numerically |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Nucleotide with three phosphate groups. The breakdown of ATP into ADP + P makes energy available for energy-requiring process in cells |
| Amino Acid | Monomer of a protein; takes its name from the fact that it contains an amino group ( NH2) and an acid group ( COOH) |
| Base | Molecules tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and to raise its pH numerically |
| Buffer | Substances or a group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity |
| Carbohydrate | Class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of CH2O groups; include mono, di, and polysaccharides |
| Complementary Base Pairing | Hydrogen bonding between particular bases; ex. In DNA T pairs with A, and G pairs with C |
| Dehydration Synthesis | A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water molecules |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Nucleic Acid found in cells; the genetic material that specifies protein synthesis in cells |
| Dipeptide | A peptide that is composed of two amino acid molecules linked together by a peptide bond |
| Disaccharide | Sugar that contains two units of monosaccharides |
| Double Helix | Double spiral that describes the 3-D shape of DNA |
| Hemoglobin | Iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that combines with and transports oxygen |
| Hydrogen Bonding | Weak bond that arrises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule or between parts of the same molecule |
| Hydrolysis | Splitting of a compound by the addition of water |
| Lipid | Organic compound that is insoluble in water; notably fat, oils, and steroids |
| Monomer | Small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer ex. glucose is a monomer of starch |
| Monosaccharide | Simple sugar, a carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis |
| Neutral Fat | A glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids |
| Nucleic Acids | Any of the group of complex compounds consisting of linear chains of monomeric nucleotides whereby each monomeric unit is composed of phosphoric acid, sugar, and a nitrogen base . Hereditary information is preserved, replicated, and expressed. |
| Nucleotide | Monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a five-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogen containing base and a phosphate group |
| Organic | Any substance containing carbon based compunds |
| Peptide Bonding | Covalent bond that joins two amino acids |
| pH | a Phenyl ring |
| Phospholipid | Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cells membrane; has a polar, hydrophilic head and two non polar hydrophobic tails |
| Polarity | the presence of or having distict and opposite poles |
| Polymer | Macromolecule consisting of covalently bonded monomers, for example a polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids |
| Polypeptide | Polymer of amino acid linked by peptide bonds |
| polysaccharide | Polymer made from sugar monomers. Example the pollysacccharide starch is the polymer of glucose |
| Primary Structure | A structure of a biological molecule in which there is a precise sequence of order of monomeric units. It serves as the covalent backbone of biological molecules |
| Protien | ORganic macromolecule group that is composed of either one or several polypeptides |
| Quaternary Structure | a structural level wherein several proteins interact through non-covalent bonds to form one functional protein complex |
| R-Group | A hydrogen or carbon chain that is bonded to the alpha carbon |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | Nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in the forms: messenger, ribosomal and transfer |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | a form of fatty acid that lacks unsaturated linkages between carbon atoms |
| Secondary Structure | |
| Solvent | |
| Starch | |
| Steroid | |
| Tertiary Structure | |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | |
| Nitrogenous Base |
Created by:
aidenvandenberg
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