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firstheartexam
learning about the heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mediastinum | in the thoracic, split into two parts, contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and large blood vessels attached to the heart |
| where does the heart start and end? | starts on the second rib and ends on the sixth |
| what are the four layers of the heart in order? | endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardium |
| endocardium | innermost layer of the heart; thin; smooth |
| myocardium | thick middle layer of the heart; allows the heart to pump |
| epicardium | outermost layer of the heart; thin |
| pericardium | sling-like sac that supports the heart and attaches is to other organs |
| what does -edema mean? | swelling |
| the heart is a _____ pump? | double |
| pulmonic circulation | path of blood that flows from the right side of the heart, through the lungs and back to the left side of the heart |
| systemic circulation | path of blood the flows from the left side of the heart to all the organs of the body and back to the right side of the heart |
| what do valves do? | they prevent blood from flowing backward |
| what are chordae tendinae? | string like structures that keep valves from flowing backward |
| what does AV stand for? | atrioventricular |
| what do the av valves include? | tricuspid and mitral |
| what does SV stand for? | semilunar |
| what do the av valves include? | pulmonic and aortic |
| what are the sounds the heart makes? | lubb dupp |
| what does the "lubb" stand for? | closure of the av valves |
| what does the "dupe" stand for? | closure of the sv valves |
| what supplies blood to the myocardium? | the coronary arteries |
| what does LCA stand for? | Left coronary artery |
| what does RCA stand for? | right coronary artery |
| what two branches make up the LCA? | left anterior descending and the circumflex |
| myocardial cell death is also known as | myocardial infarction |
| necrosis means | cell death |
| what does infarct mean? | tissue death |
| what is ischemia? | inadequate blood flow to the heart, decreasing oxygen supply |
| what is angina? | chest pains that occur when your heart doesn't receive enough oxygen |
| what is the cardiac conduction system? | provides stimulus for muscle contraction and coordinates the pumping activity for the atria and ventricles by sending electrical signals |
| list in order the movement of electrical impulses of the heart | sa node, av node, bundle of his, right and left bundle branch, purkinje fibers |
| what does sa stand for? | sinoatrial |
| what does av stand for? | atrioventricular |
| what does ectopic mean? | any impulse that originates from outside the sa node |
| what is an electrocardiogram? | the recording of the electrical activity of the heart |
| P wave | reflects the electrical activity associated with atrial depolarization |
| what does depolarization mean? | contraction |
| QRS complex | reflects the electrical activity associated with ventricular depolarization |
| T wave | represents ventricular repolarization |
| what is repolarization? | relaxing and filling |
| P-R interval | represents the time it takes for the cardiac impulse from the atria to the ventricles |
| what is a normal ejection fraction? | 67 percent |
| what does EF represent? | the percentage of blood that is pumped out of the ventricle with each beat |
| what are the 2 characteristics of cardiac tissue? | automaticity and rhythmicity |
| automaticity: | when the cardiac impulse arises from within the cardiac tissue itself |
| rhythmicity: | the cardiac tissue fires a cardiac impulse regularly |
| what happens when a heart becomes leaky? | it backs up into the chamber where it came from |
Created by:
alexadenise
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