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AP Psychology- Mr.Z
Chapter 7A
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Memory | the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information |
| Encoding | the processing of information into the memory system |
| Storage | the retention of encoded information over time |
| Retrieval | the process of getting information out of memory storage |
| Sensory Memory | the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
| Short-Term Memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten |
| Long-Term Memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences |
| Spacing Effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice |
| Serial Position Effect | the tendency to recall the first and last items in a list best |
| Visual Encoding | the encoding of picture images |
| Acoustic Encoding | the encoding of sounds |
| Semantic Encoding | the encoding of meaning |
| Imagery | mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processin |
| Mnemonics | memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organization |
| Chunking | organizing the items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically |
| Iconic Memory | a photographic memory |
| Echoic Memory | a memory of specific sounds for a short time |
| Long-Term Potentiation | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. |
| Flashbulb Memory | a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
| Amnesia | the loss of memory |
| Implicit Memory | retention independent of conscious recollection |
| Explicit Memory | memory of facts and experiences that one knows and can "declare" |
| Hippocampus | a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories |
| Recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier |
| Recognition | a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items preciously learned |
| Relearning | a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time |
| Priming | making particular associations in memory; often unconsciously |
| deja vu | the eerie sense of "I have seen this before". Cues from the current situation triggering an earlier experience |
| Mood-Congruent Memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood |
| Proactive Interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information |
| Retroactive Interference | the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information |
| Repression | banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories |
| Misinformation Effect | incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event |
| Source Amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced or imagined |
| Working Memory | focuses on the actual conscious and active processing of incoming auditory and visual information |
| Parallel Processing | the processing of many aspects simultaneously |
| Automatic Processing | unconscious encoding of incidental information |
| Effortful Processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
| Rehearsal | the conscious repetition of information |
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Brianna_Unger
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