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Biomolecules Ewald

TermDefinition
lipid examples fats, oils, waxes, steroids, pheromones
lipid characteristics cushions organs, insulates the body, insoluble in water, long term energy storage
lipid monomer glycerol and fatty acid
lipid polymer triglyceride
saturated fat solid, animal fat; ex-butter
unsaturated fat liquid, plant oil; ex-olive oil
phospholipid characteristics located in cell membrane (phospholipid bilayer); has a hydrophobic glycerol head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail
monomer one, simple building block
polymer many, long chain, must be broken down into monomers to be absorbed by the body
carbohydrate functions quick energy, cell membrane interactions, cell structure (cellulose)
carbohydrate monomer monosaccharide; ex-glucose, fructose, deoxyribose
lipid shape "E"
carbohydrate shape chain of rings
disaccharide 2 monosaccharides; ex-sucrose, lactose
carbohydrate polymer polysaccharide; ex-plants use cellulose (long chain), animals use glycogen (branched structure)
nucleic acid shape 3 parts:phosphate, nitrogen base, sugar
nucleic acid function store and pass on genetic information, give the body instructions on how to make proteins
nucleic acid monomer nucleotide (all 3 parts)
nucleic acid polymer DNA-double stranded, has thymine (T), deoxyribose sugar; RNA-single strand, has uracil (U), ribose sugar
protein structure chain of amino acids/ chain of circles
protein monomer amino acid; there are 20 different amino acids
protein polymer polypeptide
protein folding importance must be folded correctly for the protein to work
protein folding order 1-AA sequence; 2-alpha helix and beta pleat; 3-3D chain folding; 4-chains fold together
protein examples and functions collagen-bone, cartilage; keratin-hair, skin, nails; antibodies-immune system; insulin-hormone to regulate blood sugar; hemoglobin-carries iron in the blood
enzyme function speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
catalyst enzyme used in the body
enzyme/catalyst examples lipase, sucrase, lactase, amylase (always end in -ase)
lock and key model enzyme and substrate are specific to each other; one enzyme for one substrate
active site where substrate binds to an enzyme
substrate reactant that binds to the active site of an enzyme
enzyme-substrate complex when enzyme and substrate are bound together
product after enzyme has done it's job, a new product is created in the reaction
denature when an enzyme changes shape by breaking the 3' bonds; caused by temp or pH changes; irreversible
competitive inhibitor another chemical blocks the active site; substrate can't bind; may make the enzyme unusable
coenzyme make the enzyme go even faster; ex-vitamins
Created by: lauren.ewald
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