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Bio 113 Unit 1
Bio 113 sugars
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dihydroxyaceton | a ketotriose |
| Glyceraldehyde | aldotriose |
| Ribose | sugar found in rna Aldopentose |
| Deoxyribose | Sugar found in DNA a 2-monodeoxygenated ribose |
| ribulose | a ketopentose with the ketone on 2' carbon |
| Glucose | blood sugar aldohexoses |
| fructose | fruit sugar ketohexoses ketone on the 2' carbon |
| Galactose | aldohexoses |
| Sucrose | Table sugar Glucose and Fructose |
| Maltose | 2 Glucose |
| Lactose | milk sugar glucose and galactose |
| Link between two sugars | 1g4' glycosidic linkage |
| single molecule | monomer |
| After condensation rxn of two monomers | dimoer |
| When two sugars connect | dehydration synthesis rnx |
| Molecular formula of disaccharies | c12h22o11 |
| Benedict When is it positive or negative | Monosaccride or disacchride and aldohyde |
| Benedict color of positive and negative | red or geen positive blue negative |
| Biuret color change if positive | Dark blue |
| Biuret only reacts | protiens |
| albumin | egg white protein |
| Pepsin | enzyme protein |
| Types of Polysaccharides | Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose, and Chitin |
| Which polysaccharides are polymers of glucose | glycogen, starch and cellulose |
| Chitin is made up of | a modded glucose. N-acetylglucosamine |
| Chitin is found in | Exoskeletons of arthropods (crabs) |
| Cellulose found in | plant cell walls. |
| Glycogen stores energy for | animals |
| Starch stores energy for | Plants |
| Difference between Glucose and Glycogen | Glucose is in blood and glycogen is many glucose molecules stored in a cell. |
| Turning Glucose to glycogen is called | glycogenesis |
| Turning Glycogen into Glucose is called | glycogenolysis |
| Where in the body does glucose are turned into glycogen | Liver, fat cells, muscle cells. |
| MF of N-acetylglucosamine | C8H15NO6 |
| Are Lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic and what is the other name of it. | Hydrophobic and lipophilic |
| Types of lipids | triglycerides = triacylglycerols phosphoglycerides (phospholipids) steriods waxes |
| Triglycerioes are made up of... | 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| Saturated Fatty acids | C-C bonds only Solid @ room temp |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acids | C=C at least one Liquid @ room temp |
| MF of Saturated Fatty Acids | CH3(CH2)nCOOH |
| What is the bond between a triglycerioes and glycerol | Ester Linkage |
| What comes off when a triglycerioes and glycerol and which compound gives up which element | H2O is given off and the trigly. gives off its -OH and the glycerol gives off its -H |
| Do Fatty Acids and water mix | yes |
| Steroids | are 3 cyclohexanes and 1 cyclopentane |
| Waxes are | Solid @ Room Temp mades up of 1 sat fatty acid and 1 alcohol |
| Types of kingdoms | Animalia fungi protista plantae monera |
| Which kingdoms are eucaryotes and which are procaryotic | eu: animalia, fungi, protista, plantae Pro:monera |
| Naming kingdoms | Genus then Species All underlined Only first letter cap |
| In the lab what are found inside our mouth | squamous epithelial cells and the little dots are bacteria |
| What dye was used in the lab | Methylene Blue |
| What are proteins made up of | Amino acids |
| Amino acids are hydrophobic if | They have carbon and hydrogen only |
| amino acids are hydrophilic if | They have another other element then H and C can be either acid, base, or neutral |
| When is a amino acid classified an acid | when it was an COOH group |
| Basic amino acids have | ammino groups |
| What is the bond called when two amino acids bond | peptide bond |
| What is released when two amino acids bond | H2O |
| What are the amino acids called after 2 have bonded | dipeptide |
| What is the first protein structure called and how is it maintained | Primary structure, contains number of sequance not a protein maintained by peptide bonds |
| What is a second protein structure called and what does it look like and how is it maintained | Secondary structures alpha helix and beta-pleated sheet maintained by H+ bonds |
| What is the last protein structure called and how is it maintained | Tertiary structure 3D structure of the protain but only if made up of 1 polypeptide groups. the interations are due to the R groups maintained by r groups |
| If two polypeptides are involved what it the extra structure that is formed | Quaternary structure, maintained by tertiary structure, |
| Functional Proteins | Hemoglobin - 4polypeptide chains insulin- 2 |
| Structural proteins | collagen (connective tissue) - 3 polypeptides keratin (hair/nails) - 3 |
| What type of bond determines the proteins overall shape | disulfide bonds most powerful covelent bonds |
| order of which proteins form (bond related) | disulfide bridge ionic hydrophoic interactions hydrogen bond |
| What happens when a protein denatures | Does from the tertiary structure to the primary |
| How can a protein be denatured | heat, high pH or low pH, high salinity, 8M urea |
| names of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA | messenger, transfer, ribosome |
| Dna -> mRNA -> Protein | transcription then translation |
| What is a nucleotide | a pentose ribose or deoxyribose a phosphate group N-group |
| Sugars in DNA and RNA | Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine(DNA only), Uracil (RNA only) |
| How do the sugars in DNA and RNA bond | Adenine double bonds to Thymine Guanine triple bonds to cytosine |
| DNA bonds on what carbon | 3' 5' |
Created by:
lilram
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