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Be able identify the nine abdominopelvic regions both by verbal description and visual identification on a figure similar to fig 1.11.
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What is the highest level of structural organization you would expect a blood vessel to be?
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A&P EXAM 1

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Be able identify the nine abdominopelvic regions both by verbal description and visual identification on a figure similar to fig 1.11.
What is the highest level of structural organization you would expect a blood vessel to be?
the specific name for hip/ groin/ thigh/ leg/ forearm/arm/front of elbow/calf/ shoulder blade/ breastbone/ cheek/ chin/ eye/ chest/ armpit/ neck/ etc. coxal
Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback mechanisms? Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane which lining the thoracic cavity.
Distinguish between functional systems and organ systems.
Describe the functions of the various organ systems and functional systems
List and describe the subdivisions (topics) contained within the study of anatomy. Regional- all structures in one part of the body (such as the abdomen or leg) • Systemic- gross anatomy of the body studied by system • Surface- study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin
Describe the structure and function of serous membranes. Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures; serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two, serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
List the components of the hierarchy of structural organization from simplest to most complex:
List the functional characteristics of humans or other complex life forms? • Maintaining boundaries • Movement • Responsiveness • Digestion • Metabolism • Excretion • Reproduction • Growth
Describe the process of homeostatic imbalance? It is considered the cause of most diseases.
The pancreas and liver work together to maintain homeostasis through:
The bridge of the nose is ________ to the left eye.
The upper arm is ________ to the forearm
The heart is ________ to the stomach.
The fingers are ________ to the wrist.
The stomach is ________ to the spine.
is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems. Physiology
Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain. The lungs release a waste product, carbon dioxide, by exhalation.
The higher we go in the mountains the greater the atmospheric pressure which causes a loss of oxygen. Comment on this statement. Lungs depend on appropriate atmospheric pressure. At high altitudes, where atmospheric pressure is lower and the air is thin, gas exchange may be inadequate to support cellular metabolism
Why is anatomical terminology necessary? • To prevent misunderstanding, anatomists use universally accepted terms to identify body structures precisely and with a minimum of words.
Be able to identify the components of a G protein-linked receptor system as shown in Fig 3.16
Be able to identify the components of the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure as shown in fig 3.3
Describe the generation of a membrane potential? A negative membrane potential is established when the movement of K+ out of the cell equals K+ movement into the cell; 1. K+ diffuse down their steep concentration gradient (out of the cell) via leakage channels; Loss of K+ results in a negative char
A red blood cell placed in pure water would: in a hypertonic solution, the cells take in water by osmosis and become bloated and burst
The plasma membrane (cell membrane) is: Membrane, composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, that encloses cell contents; outer limiting cell membrane
Describe the functions of the plasma membrane? Separates intracellular fluids from extracellular fluids; Plays a dynamic role in cellular activity; Glycocalyx is a glycoprotein area abutting the cell that provides highly specific biological markers by which cells recognize one another
Fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells are cillia
Describe the process of diffusion? What factors affect the rate of diffusion? Molecules are constantly moving colliding and ricocheting off one another, changing direction with each hit.; Diffusion is the tendency of molecules to spread evenly; Molecule size and temperature
List and describe the different cell junctions 1. Tight Junction- impermeable junction that encircles a cell• Desmosome- anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells 2. Gap Junction- a nexus that allows chemical substances to pass between cells
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? It will shrivel up and shrink as its water exits the cell to try an equalize the solute outside
Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole describe what happens? Lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid material
Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to changes in the environment.
Describe the function of microtubules molecular transport through the membranes
List the functions of a plasma membrane protein.
Describe the functions of RNA? Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA plan a role in protein synthesis
The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube. This structure is a centriole.
Compare and contrast inclusions and organelles
Cholesterol is used in the cell membrane to__________________
If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT, then the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA would be:
Describe the structure and function of Phospholipids:
Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells? Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Describe the glycocalyx.
Describe the structure and function of Mitochondria:
Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for what purposes?
How is cell resting membrane potential maintained because extracellular levels are high
List the concepts of the cell theory?
Cells are composed mainly of which elements
Describe the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?
Describe the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers"?
What is the endomembrane system? An interactive system of organelles whose membranes are physically or functionally connected
The functions of centrioles include organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division
Crenation is an example of:
List the ways hormones may enter cells
If a tRNA had an AGC anticodon, it could attach to a(n) ___ mRNA codon. UCG
The RNA that has an anticodon and attaches to a specific amino acid is ________ RNA.
Water may move through membrane pores constructed by transmembrane proteins called ________.
________ is the division of the cytoplasm.
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