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Bio1 AP Review
Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Properties of water | Good solvent; high heat capacity; ice floats; strong cohesion and surface tension; strong adhesion. |
| monosaccharide | simplest carbohydrate, single sugar molecule, |
| formula for glucose | C6H12O6 |
| disaccharide | two sugars w/ glycosidic linkage |
| glucose+fructose | sucrose |
| glucose+galactose | lactose |
| glucose+glucose | maltose |
| hydroxyl | alcohols--polar, hydrophilic |
| carboxyl | carboxyl acids--polar, hydrophilic, weak acid |
| amino | amines--polar, hydrophilic, weak base |
| phosphate | organic phosphates--polar, hydrophilic, acid |
| carbonyl | ketones--polar, hydrophilic |
| carbonyl+H | aldehydes--polar, hydrophilic |
| methyl | nonpolar, hydrophobic |
| polysaccharide | series of monosaccharides |
| starch | polymer of alpha glucose energy storage in plants |
| glycogen | polymer of alpha glucose energy sotrage in animals |
| cellulose | beta glucose polymer--structure in plants |
| chitin | beta glucose polymer with nitrogen groups--structure in fungus and insect exoskeletons |
| Triglycerides | fats and oils, three fatty acids attacked to a glycerol molecule |
| phospholipid | two fatty acids and a phosphate group attacked to a glycerol molecule |
| amphipathic molecule | has one side hydrophilic and the other hydrophobic |
| types of proteins | structural; storage; transport; defensive; enzymes; |
| steroid | four carbon rings, three are hexagons, one pentagon |
| primary protein structure | order of amino acids |
| secondary protein structure | 3d shape which results from hydrogen bonding between amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent amino acids |
| tertiary protein structure | additional 3d strucutre due to other bonding factors |
| quaternary structure | when a protein is assembled from multiple polypeptide chains |
| deoxyribose | a five carbon sugar |
| elements of a nucleotide | nitrogen base; deoxyribose; phosphate group |
| pyrimidines | single-ring bases--Cytsine and Thymine |
| purines | double ring bases--Adenine and Guanine |
| RNA differes from DNA by: | ribose instead of deoxyribose; Uracil instead of thymine; RNA is single stranded |
| catabolism | breakdown of substances |
| anabolism | synthesis of substances |
| Cofactor | a non-protein molecule that assists enzymes |
| holoenzyme | an enzyme bonded with a cofactor |
| Coenzyme | an organic cofactor |
| allosteric enzymes | have a binding site for the substrate as well as one for the allosteric inhibitor which shuts the enzyme down |
Created by:
samft98c
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