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Chapter, 6
biochemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acid | Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water. |
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element. |
| Base | Any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water. |
| Compound | A substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined. |
| Covalent bond | When two atoms share electrons, such as two hydrogen atoms sharing electrons, the force that holds them together. |
| Element | Everything-whether it is a rock, frog, or flower- is made of substances. |
| Ion | Is a charged particle made of atom. |
| Ionic bond | The attractive force between two ions of opposite charge. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. |
| Mixture | A combination of substances in wthe individual components retain their own properties. |
| Molecule | A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom. |
| pH | A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. |
| Solution | A mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance. |
| Diffusion | Is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | Condition, in which there is continuous movement but no overall concentration change. |
| Hydrogen Bond | This attraction of opposte charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms a weak bond. |
| Polar Molecule | A molecule with an unequal distribution of charge; that is, each molecule has a positive end and a negative end. |
| Amino Acid | The basic building blocks of proteins. |
| Carbohydrate | Is a biomolecule composed of carbon, hydration, and oxygen with a ratio of about two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom. |
| Enzyme | IS a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction. |
| Isomer | Compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties. |
| Lipid | Are large biomolecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen. |
| Nucleic Acid | A complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code. |
| Nucleotide | Nucleic acids are polymers made of smaller subunits. |
| Peptide bond | the Covalent bonds formed between the amino acids. |
| Polymer | Large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together. |
| Protien | Is a large , complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. |