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Chatper 6 Vocab.

TermDefinition
acid any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a pH below 7
atom smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter
base any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a pH above 7
compound substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
covalent bond chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
element substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances
ion atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge
ionic bond chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge
isotopes atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
metabolism all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
mixture combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties
molecule group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall change
nucleus positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons
pH measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14; a solution with a pH above 7 is basic and a pH below 7 is acidic
solution mixture in which one or more substances(solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent).
diffusion net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution
dynamic equilibrium result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration
hydrogen bond weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms
polar molecule molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a postitive end and a negative end
amino acid basic building blocks of protein molecules
carbohydrate organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
enzyme type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions
isomers compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties
lipids large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen; examples are fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; are insoluble in water and used by cells for energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings, such as in membranes
nucleic acid complex biomolecules, such as RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code
nucleotides subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
peptide bond covalent bond formed between amino acids
polymer large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together
protein large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism
Created by: Carolina Rosado
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