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Anatomy&Physiology
chapter1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. | Anatomy |
| the study of the function of the body's structural machinery | Physiology |
| Anatomy includes three parts:__,__,___ | Gross or macroscopic, Microscopic,Developmental |
| Gross Anatomy divided into three parts:__,__,__ | Regional, Systemic, Surface |
| All structures in one part of the body(such as the abdomen or leg) | Regional |
| Gross anatomy of the body studies by system. | Systemic |
| Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin. | Surface |
| the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another. | Anatomy |
| the study of the function of the body's structural machinery | Physiology |
| Anatomy includes three parts:__,__,___ | Gross or macroscopic, Microscopic,Developmental |
| Gross Anatomy divided into three parts:__,__,__ | Regional, Systemic, Surface |
| All structures in one part of the body(such as the abdomen or leg) | Regional |
| Gross anatomy of the body studies by system. | Systemic |
| Study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin. | Surface |
| Microscopic Anatomy includes: ___ and___ | Cytology and Histology. |
| study of cells | Cytology |
| study of tissues | Histology |
| structural changes throughout the life span | Developmental Anatomy |
| Branch of developmental anatomy studying changes in the body before birth | Embryology |
| Physiology focuses on the ___ of the body | functions |
| Physiology includes three levels | Organ system level, Cellular level, Molecular level |
| How cells function together and in tissues. | cellular level |
| Skeletal physiology and muscle physiology belongs to___ level | organ system level |
| How individual molecules affect cell function ,eg DNA, proteins, chemical messengers. | molecular level |
| Anatomy and physiology are ___ | inseparable |
| What a structure does depends on its specific __ | form |
| form and function are ___ | complementary |
| levels of structural organization:1.chemical level.2.Cellular level,3.Tissue level.4.___ level,5___,6__- | organ ,organ system level, organismal system level |
| Organ systems of the body:1.Integumentary2.skeletal 3.muscular 4.nervous 5.cardiovascular 6.lymphatic 7.respiratory 8.digestive 9___,10___,11____ | urinary, reproductive, endocrine |
| What functions are vital to human life? Maintaining boundaries-the ____ environment remains distinct from the ___ | internal, external |
| celluar level accomplished by ____membranes. | plasma |
| Organismal level accomplished by the ___ | skin |
| Locomotion propulsion of substances within the body, and contractility of muscles. | movement |
| what systems functions for movement | skeletal system,muscular system |
| ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them | Responsiveness(Nervous sys,Endocrine, Cardivascular) |
| Ability to obtain energy and nutrients | respiratory and disgestive System and metabolism |
| what function are vital to human life:1-5. 1.___2.prsponsiveness,3____4.Excretion.5Reproduction. | maintaining boundaries the internal environment remains distinct from the external, excretion |
| removal of wastes | excretion(urinary system) |
| Reproduction includes:Cellular,___, Growth | organismal |
| what's survival needs? Nutrients,____, water___, Atmospheric pressure | oxygen, normal body temperature(37C/98.6F) |
| the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in a hostile, changing outside world. | Homeostasis |
| The internal environment of the body is in a state of _____ | dynamic equlibrium |
| Thousands of complex biochemical and physcal factors interact to maintain ____ | Homeostasis |
| Homeostasis control mechanisms includes___,___,effector | receptor, control center |
| In ______ feedback systems, the final product in the cycle or pathway shuts off the original stumulus | negative |
| In ____negative__ feedback systems, the final product in the cycle or pathway shuts off the original stimulus, includes: | Regulation of blood glucose levels; monthly hormonal cycles in females |
| Homeostatic control mechanisms orders:1.Stimulus 2 Receptor 3.input4.output5.___ | Response of effector feeds back to reduce the effect of stumulus and returns variable to homeostatic |
| most homeostatic control mechanisms are __ feedback mechanisms. | negative |
| In a few rare cases, it is desirable for the final product to ___ or the original stimulus. Regulation of blood clotting, Labor and delivery. | enhance or exaggerate. |
| When homeostatic mechanisms are overwhelmed,___ occurs. | disease. |
| Many treatment modalities have the philosophy that disease is best treated by retuning the body to____ | homeostasis. |
| The student is responsible for learning 1.orientation and directional terms.2.Regional terms.3___,4___ | Body planes and sections, Abdomnopelvic regions and quadrants. |
| ____ terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding | special |
| Exact terms are used for:1.position.2.Direction | 3.Regions4.structures |
| There are two body cavites: | dorsal and ventral |
| ___ cavity protects the nervous system, with two subdivisions: cranial and vertebral cavity | dorsal |
| ___ cavity is within the skull and encases the brain | cranial |
| ___ cavity runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord. | vertebral |
| ___ cavity houses the internal organs(visceral) with two subdivisions: thoracic and abdominopelvic | Ventral |
| thoracic cavity has 3 subdivisons:___,___,___ | Pleural cavities, Pericardial cavities, Mediastinum |
| Abdominopelvic cavity separated from the thoracic cavity by the ___ | diaphragm |
| ___ cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver and other viscera. | abdominal |
| ____ cavity contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum. | pelvic |
| mouth and cavities of the digestive organs | oral and digestive cavity |
| located within and posterior to the nose | nasal cavity |
| houses the eyes | orbital |
| contain bones that transmit sound vibrations. | middle ear cavity |
| joint cavites | Synovial |
| Body cavities are lined with ____ membranes;secrete a thin, watery serous fluid that provides___. | serouslubrication |
| One lines the body cavity itself, the other lines the outside of the organ | Double membranes. |
| _____ serosa lines body cavity walls | parietal |
| _____ serosa covers the internal organ s | Visceral |
| Serous fluid lies between the___ membranes. | double |
| three serous membranes associated with the heart. | Parietal pericardium, Pericardial space with serous fluid, Visceral pericardium. |
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