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Lecture 1 Innate

Cells of the immune System and Innane Immunity

QuestionAnswer
PRR Pattern Recognition Receptor
PAMP Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern
"pattern" refers to? microbe identifiers (as opposed to host identifiers)
"pathogen" can be any of the following microbe, virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms
What are peptidoglycans? polymer material that makes up the bacteria cell wall. This is a "pattern".
What are mannans? Bacterial cell surface polysaccharides. They are "patterns".
What is LPS? Composed of Lipid A and cabohydrates, it is present in Gram-negative bacteria and is a potent endotoxin. This is a "pattern".
What are lipotechoic acids? Distinct extracellular structures found in bacteria that are detectable "patterns".
What is importance of N-terminal formyl-methionine? The N-terminus of most bacterial proteins is formyl-methionine. This is not found in vertebrates so it is another distinguishing attribute of pathogen "patterns".
Which PRRs activate phagocytes and Dendrytic Cells? TLRs (Toll-Like Receptors)
What inhibitor is NFkB complexed with in the cytosol? IkB
Concerning Toll-Like Receptors (TLR), in what species was the protein "Toll" discovered? Drosophila
What happens after TLRs are activated? In a cascase reaction, IkB is phosphorylated by IkK, and transcription factor NFkB is allowed to enter nucleus and launch an immune response (activate phagosomes, etc).
TLR4 Receptor for Bacterial lypopolysaccharides or endotoxin.
TLR2 Receptor for peptidoglycans and bacterial lypoproteins.
TLR5 Receptor for flagellan.
TLR3 Receptor for double-stranded RNA.
TLR7 Receptor for single-stranded RNA
TLR9 Receptor for CpG repeats in DNA
What two cell types are the main phagocytic cells? Macrophages and granulocytes.
What are macrophages derived from? Monocytes
What are the three types of blood cells? Erthrocytes (rbc), Leukocytes (wbc), and thrombocytes (platelets).
What three cell types are the main cells involved in innate immune response? Macrophages, Granulocytes, and NK cells (natural killer).
Leukocytes (WBC) can be divided into two categories. What are they? Granulocytes, and mononuclear cells.
Mononuclear cells can be divided into two categories. What are they? Lymphocytes and monocytes.
Created by: 3215615
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