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Honors Biology-

Bio Chemistry

TermDefinition
acid any substances that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a pH below 7
atom the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element
base any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a pH above 7
compound substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
covalent bond chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons.
element substance that can not be broken down into simpler chemical substances
ion atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge
ionic bond chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of oppposite charge
isotope atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
metabolism all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
mixture combination of substances in which individual componenets retain their own properties
molecule group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge
nucleus positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons and surrounded by negatively charged electrons
pH measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; scale ranges from 0- 14 and 7 is neutral
solution mixture in which one eor more substances are distributed evenly in another substance
diffusion net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration
dynamic equilibrium result of diffusion where there is continuous movement or particles but no overall charge of concentration
hydrogen bond weak chemicla bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms
polar molecule molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and negative end
amino acid basic building blocks of protein molecules
carbohydrate organic compound used by cells to store and release energy
enzyme type of protein found sin all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions
isomer compounds with the same type of simple formula but different three-dimesional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties
lipid large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen:
nucleic acid complex biomolecules, such as DNA and RNA, that store cellular information in cell in the form of code.
nucleotide subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
peptide bond covalent bond formed between amino acids
polymer large molecule formed when smaller molecules bond together
protein large complex polymer essential to life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur
Created by: Gracieee
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