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Chapter 6 Vocabulary

biochimistry

TermDefinition
Acid Any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water and has a pH below 7
Atom smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic block of all matter
Base any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and has a pH above 7
Compound substabce composed of atomns of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Covalent Bond chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
element subatance that cant be broken down into similar chemical substance
Ion atom or a group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge
Ionic Bond Chemical bond formed by attractive forces between two ions of posite charge
Isotope atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
Metabolism all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organisim
mixture combination of substance in hich individual components retain their own properties
molecule group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge
nucleus positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons and surrounded by negatively charged electrons
pH measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
solution mixture in which one or more substance (solutes) are distributerd evenly in another substance (solvent)
diffusion net, random movement of particles form an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
dynamic equilibrium result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration
hydrogen bond weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positivily charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms
Polar Molecule molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end
Amino Acid basic building block of protein molecules
Carbohydrate organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen
Enzyme type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions
Isomer compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties.
lipid
nucleic acid complex biomolecules, such as DNA and RNA that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code
nucleotide subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
peptide bond
polymer
protein
Created by: abrosales
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