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vocabulary 6

bio chemistrey

TermDefinition
acid any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water and has a pH below 7.
atom smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element;basic building block of all matter
base any substance that forms hydroxide ions(OH-) in water and has a pH above 7.
compound substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
covalent bond chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons.
element substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances.
ion atom or group of atoms that can gain or lose electrons; has a electrical charge.
ionic bond chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of oppisite charge.
isotope atoms of the same element that have different numbers of nuetrons in the nucleus.
metabolism all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
mixture combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties.
molecule group of atoms held together by covalent bonds;has no overall charge.
nucleus positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons ,and surrounded by negatively charged electrons in eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA
pH measure of how acidic or base a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14; solution with pH above 7 is a basic and a pH below 7 is acidic.
solution mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distrbuted evenly in another substance (solvent)
difussion net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution.
dynamic equilibrium result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration
hydrogen bond weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.
poler molecule molecule with an unequal distributation of charge , resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end.
amino acid basic building blocks of protein molecules.
carbohydrate organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
enzyme type of proteins found in all living things that change the rate of chemical reactions.
isomer compounds with the same simple formula but differant three-dimensional structures resulting in differant physical and chemical properties.
lipid large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen; examples are fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; are insulation, and protective coatings, such as in membranes
nucleic acid complex biomolecules, such as RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code.
nucleotide subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
peptide bond covalent bond formed between amino acids.
polymer large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together.
protein large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfer; provides stucture for tissues and organs and helps carry out all cell metabolism
Created by: hedgepeth514
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