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Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Biochemistry

TermDefinition
Acid Any substance that forms hydrogen ions in water and has a pH below 7.
Atom Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element;basic building block of all matter
Base Any substance that forms hydroxide ions in water and has a pH above 7
Compound Substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Covalent Bond Chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons.
Element Substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances.
Ion Atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons;has an electrical charge.
Ionic Bond Chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge.
Isotope Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
Metabolism All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.
Mixture Combination of substances in which individual componets retain theirown properties.
Molecules Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds;has no overall charge
Nucleus Positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positivily charged protons,and surrounded by negativily charged electrons.
pH Mseasure of how acidic or basic an solution is;the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14;solution with pH above 7 is basic and below is acidic.
Solution Mixture in which one or more substances are distributed evenly in another substance.
Diffusion Net random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration,eventually resulting in even distribution.
Dynamic Equilibrium Result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration.
Hydrogen Bond Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.
Polar Molecule Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge,resulting
Amino Acid Basic building blocks of protein molecules
Carbohydrate Organic compound used by cells to store and release energy ;composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Enzyme Type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions.
Isomer Compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties.
Lipid Large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen;examples are fats, oils, waxes, and steroids;are insoluble in water and used by cells for energy storage, insulation. and protective coatings, such as membranes.
Nucleic Acid Complex biomolecules, such as DNA and RNA, that store cellular infomtion in the cells in the form of code.
Nucleotide Subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
Peptide Bond Covalent bond formed between amino acids.
Polymer Large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together.
Protein Large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfer; provides strcuture for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism.
Created by: Osborn,Samuel
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