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Chapter 6 vocb
biochemisrty vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acid | any substance that forms hydrogen ions(H+) in water |
| atom | smallest partilce of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter |
| base | any substance that forms hydoxie ions (OH-) in water abd has a pH above 7 |
| compound | substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| covalent bond | chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| element | substance that cna't be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
| ion | atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electric charge |
| ionic bond | chemical bond formed be the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| mixture | combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties |
| molecule | group of atoms held together by colvalent bonds; has no overall change |
| nucleus | positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons |
| pH | measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14;solution with pH above 7 is basic and a pH below 7 is acidic |
| solution | mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent) |
| diffusion | net, random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in evne distribution |
| dynamic equilibrium | result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration |
| hydrogen bond | weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms |
| polar molecule | molecule with ann unequal distribution of charg, resul |
| amino acid | basic building blocks of protein molecules |
| carbohydrate | organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| enzyme | type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions |
| isomer | compounds with the same simple formula but different 3D structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties |
| lipid | large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with small amount of oxygen |
| nucleic acid | complex biomolecues, such as RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code |
| nucleotide | subunits of nucleic acid formed froma simple sugar, a phosphate goup, and nitrogenous base |
| peptide bond | covalent bonds formed between amino acids |
| polymer | large molecule formed when smaller molecules bond together |
| protein | large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |