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Biology Vocabulary

Chemistry of Life

TermDefinition
Acid Any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water has a pH below 7.
Atom Smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element; basic building block of all matter.
Base Any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and has a pH above 7.
Compound Substance composed of atoms of two or more Different elements that are chemically combined.
Covalent Bond Chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons.
Element Substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances.
Ion Atom or group of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge
Ionic Bond Chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge
Isotope Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
Metabolism All the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Mixture Combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties.
Molecule Group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge.
Nucleus Positively charged center of an atom composed of neutrons and positively charged protons, and surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
pH Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14; solution with pH above 7 is basic and a pH below 7 is acidic
Solution Mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (Solvent)
Diffusion Net, Random movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually resulting in even distribution
Dynamic Equilibrium Result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration.
Hydrogen Bond Weak chemical bond formed by the attraction of positively charged hydrogen atoms to other negatively charged atoms.
Polar Molecule Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end.
Amino Acid Basic building blocks of protein molecules.
Carbohydrate Organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Enzyme Type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions.
Isomer Compounds with the same simple but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties.
Lipid Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
Nucleic Acid Complex biomolecules, such as DNA and RNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code.
Nucleotide Subunits of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Peptide Bond Covalent bond formed between amino acids
Polymer Large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together.
Protein Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms.
Created by: BookerTemple
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