A subdivison of the mantle situated below the lithosphere. This zone of weak material exists below a depth of about 100 kilometers and in some regions extends as deep as 700 kilometers. The rock within this zone is easily deformed.

A hypothesis, credited largely to Alfred Wegener, that suggested all present continents once existed as a single super continent.

A linear zone along which continental lithosphere stretches and pulls apart. It's creation may mark the beginning of a new ocean basin.

Continental Volcanic Arcs

Mountains formed in part by igneous activity associated with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent. Examples include the Andes and the Cascades.

The temperature above which material loses it magnetization.

An elongate depression in the seafloor produced by bending of oceanic crust during subduction.

A boundary in which two plates move apart, resulting in upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor.

Fossil Magnetism (Paleomagnetism)

The natural remnant of magnetism in rock bodies. The permanent magnetization acquired by rock that can be used to determine the location of the magnetic poles and the latitude of the rock at the time it became magnetized.

Linear zone of irregular topography on the deep-ocean floor; it follows transform faults and their inactive extensions.

A proposed concentration of heat in the mantle capable of introducing magma that in turn extrudes onto Earth's surface. The intraplate volcanism the Hawaiian Islands is one example.

A chain of volcanic structures produced as a lithospheric plate moves over a mantle plume

A chain of volcanic islands generally located a few hundred kilometers from a trench where there is active subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another.

The rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle.

A coherent unit of Earth's rigid outer layer that includes the crust and upper mantle.

A sensitive instrument used to measure the intensity of Earth's magnetic field at various points.

A change in Earth's magnetic field from normal to reverse or vice versa.

The detailed history of Earth's magnetic reversals developed by establishing the magnetic polarity of lava flows of known age.

A mass of hotter-than-normal mantle material that ascends toward the surface, where it may lead to igneous activity. These plumes of solid yet mobile material may originate as deep as the core-mantle boundary.

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Geology Chapter 15

VOCABULARY

Question	Answer
Asthenosphere	A subdivison of the mantle situated below the lithosphere. This zone of weak material exists below a depth of about 100 kilometers and in some regions extends as deep as 700 kilometers. The rock within this zone is easily deformed.
Continental Drift	A hypothesis, credited largely to Alfred Wegener, that suggested all present continents once existed as a single super continent.
Continental Rift	A linear zone along which continental lithosphere stretches and pulls apart. It's creation may mark the beginning of a new ocean basin.
Continental Volcanic Arcs	Mountains formed in part by igneous activity associated with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath a continent. Examples include the Andes and the Cascades.
Curie Point	The temperature above which material loses it magnetization.
Deep-ocean Trenches	An elongate depression in the seafloor produced by bending of oceanic crust during subduction.
Divergent Boundaries	A boundary in which two plates move apart, resulting in upwelling of material from the mantle to create new seafloor.
Fossil Magnetism (Paleomagnetism)	The natural remnant of magnetism in rock bodies. The permanent magnetization acquired by rock that can be used to determine the location of the magnetic poles and the latitude of the rock at the time it became magnetized.
Fracture Zones	Linear zone of irregular topography on the deep-ocean floor; it follows transform faults and their inactive extensions.
Hot-Spot	A proposed concentration of heat in the mantle capable of introducing magma that in turn extrudes onto Earth's surface. The intraplate volcanism the Hawaiian Islands is one example.
Hot-Spot Track	A chain of volcanic structures produced as a lithospheric plate moves over a mantle plume
Island Arc	A chain of volcanic islands generally located a few hundred kilometers from a trench where there is active subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another.
Lithosphere	The rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle.
Lithospheric plates	A coherent unit of Earth's rigid outer layer that includes the crust and upper mantle.
Magnetometer	A sensitive instrument used to measure the intensity of Earth's magnetic field at various points.
Magnetic Reversal	A change in Earth's magnetic field from normal to reverse or vice versa.
Magnetic Time Scale	The detailed history of Earth's magnetic reversals developed by establishing the magnetic polarity of lava flows of known age.
Mantle Plume	A mass of hotter-than-normal mantle material that ascends toward the surface, where it may lead to igneous activity. These plumes of solid yet mobile material may originate as deep as the core-mantle boundary.

Created by: katie.eriksen05

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