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Minerals & Resources
Minerals and Natural Resources
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Natural resource | something useful and made by Earth/God (not artificial) |
| Renewable natural resources (examples) | trees (paper), fish, solar energy, wind energy |
| Renewable natural resources | resources that can be replaced in 100 years or less (ex: can be regrown) |
| Nonrenewable natural resources | cannot be replaced when used up (or would take over 100 years to replace) |
| Example of a resource that is not natural | plastic, styrofoam |
| Nonrenewable natural resources (examples) | fossil fuels (coal, petroleum oil, natural gas), rocks, minerals |
| fossil fuels | (from ancient swamps)--coal, petroleum oil, and natural gas |
| 5 things required to be a mineral | inorganic, natural, solid, compound or element, made of crystals (INSCC) |
| rock | a natural solid MIXTURE made of minerals (and sometimes organic material) |
| mining | to dig in the earth to take out rocks or minerals |
| deforestation | cutting down all/most of the trees in the forest |
| conserving natural resources | wisely using (not wasting)--example: recycling, riding your bike, turn off water when not using, etc. |
| organic material | living or from something living (ex: shell, paper, coal, sugar, etc) |
| inorganic material | never living and not from something living (ex: all minerals) |
| density | mass divided by volume (how heavy something is for its size) |
| What does density have to do with floating and sinking? | If density is greater than 1, the object will SINK in water (float if less than 1) |
| Mohs scale | 1-10 scale for mineral hardness (1-10) |
| hardness | scratching test (use fingernail, glass jar, etc) |
| streak color | color of mineral's powder (use unpainted tile)---much more reliable than regular color |
| luster | the way a mineral reflects light |
| types of luster | (1) metallic (shiny) (2) nonmetallic (dull, glassy, etc) |
| cleavage | if mineral has a clean/smooth break |
| fracture | if the mineral has a jagged/curved break |
| mixture | objects or elements that are tossed together (no chemical bonding)--like a tossed salad |
| compound | 2 or more elements are chemically bonded (example H2O or SiO2) |
| element | something made of only one type of atom (found on the Periodic Table)--example oxygen, hydrogen, copper, silver |
| mineral | naturally formed, inorganic solid with a definite crystalline structure (made of crystals) |
| element | cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means (made of one type of atom) |
| coal | solid fossil fuel made from partly decayed ancient plant material |
| petroleum oil | liquid fossil fuel made from ancient sea creatures that have decayed (used to make gasoline) |
| natural gas | gas form of fossil fuel made from ancient sea creatures that have decayed |
| What is the main disadvantage of burning fossil fuels? | air pollution (including global warming), water pollution (oil spill), as well as a limited supply |
| What are the 2 main types of luster? | metallic and nonmetallic (include glassy and dull) |
| What is the hardest and softest mineral? | 10=diamond (hardest) 1= talc (softest) |
| What is the special property of the mineral magnetite? | it is magnetic |
| How can a mineral be identified? | density, luster, color (least reliable), density, streak color, hardness, special properties, cleavage or fracture, crystal shape |
| A SILICATE (like quartz) is a mineral that contains oxygen and ____________. | silicon |
| A ______________________ is a mineral (like calcite) that contains oxygen and carbon | carbonate |
| Give an example of a GEM. | diamond, sapphire, ruby, emerald |
| A mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for a profit is called a(n) | ore |
| What 2 things do you have to measure in order to calculate a mineral’s density? | mass and volume |
| If a mineral has a mass of 10 grams and a volume of 2 cubic centimeters, what is the DENSITY of this mineral? | 5 grams per cubic cm (g/cc) |
| ________________ fizzes in hydrochloric acid | calcite |
| (true or false) Minerals are made of one or more rocks. | False (rocks are made of one or more minerals)--minerals are made of crystals |
| (true or false) Gold is a mineral and an element. | true (called a native element or native mineral) |
| (true or false) Elements are made of just one type of atom. | true |
| QUARTZ cannot be identified by its color alone because... | it exists in many colors |
Created by:
mtl19660
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