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Histology - BH

Blood & Hematopoiesis

QuestionAnswer
Anicytosis Altered cell size (macrocytosis, microcytosis)
Poikilocytosis Altered cell shape (sickled, crenation)
Roleaux Stacking of RBC
Diapedesis Movement of cells through endothelial/epithelial layers
Differentiate plasma and serum Plasma: acellular component of blood with clotting factors --- Serum: acellular component of blood without clotting factors
Amount of RBC in males & females M: 5 mil/microL --- F: 4.5 mil/microL
Cells classified as granulocytes Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Cells classified as agranulocytes Monocytes, lymphocytes
Definition of granulocyte Cells that have specific staining granules; all blood cells have regular non-specific granules
Amount of WBC in blood 10,000/microL
Size of granulocytes 10-15 microns in diameter
Function of granulocytes Neutrophils: phagocytose bacteria, produce leukotrienes for inflammation --- Eosinophils: release granules (major basic protein) to kill parasites; digests Ab-Ag complex --- Basophils: bind to IgE; release heparin, histamine, leukotrienes for inflammation
Cells showing the appearance of Barr bodies Neutrophils
Cells that produce pus Neutrophils
Percentage of granulocytes & agranulocytes in WBC 60-70% neutrophils; 20-25% lymphocytes; 4% eosinophils; 3% monocytes; 1% basophils
Lifespan of granulocytes & agranulocytes Neutrophils, eisinophils, monocytes: several days --- Lymphocytes: several years --- Basophils: Probably years, unknown
Nuclear shape of granulocytes & agranulocytes Neutrophil: multi-lobed --- Eosinophil: bi-lobed --- Basophil: S-shaped --- Monocyte: kidney shaped --- Lymphocyte: large, almost covering entire cell
Antigen presenting cell Macrophage
Cells responsible for destroying bacteria, parasites, viruses, Ab-Ag complexes Neutrophils & macrophages; Eosinophils; T-cells; Eosinophils
Signal for coagulation Exposure to collagen signals platelets to start aggregating
Factors used for coagulation; factors used to break down clot Thrombin, fibrin --- Plasmin
Size of agranulocytes Monocyte: 12-25 microns in diameter --- Lymphocyte: 8-18 microns in diameter
Organs responsible for blood cell formation prenatally and postnatally Yolk sac (2-8 weeks); liver (6 weeks); spleen (2nd trimester); bone marrow (3rd trimester)
Organs that will produce blood cells in times of disease Liver & spleen
Types of bone marrow Red marrow: active hematopoeisis --- Yellow marrow: inactive hematopoeisis, contains adipocytes
Length of erythropoeisis & granulocytopoiesis 3-5 days; 11 days
Relative amount of RBC & WBC produced daily RBC: billions; WBC: hundreds of thousands
General pathway for hematopoiesis from stem cells Pluripotent stem cell, multipotent stem cells (colony forming cells), progenitor stem cell, precursor cells
Stem cell stage at which colony forming units arise Multipotent
Factors responsible for the regulation of hematopoiesis Stromal stem cell (steel) factor; erythropoietin
Location of erythropoietin release Kidneys
Erythropoeisis: cell stages Proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromatic erythroblast, orthochromatic erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte
Cell stage during erythropoiesis at which nucleus is lost Reticulocyte
Granulocytopoeisis: cell stages Myeloblast, promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, band, mature cell
Monocytopoeisis: cell stages Monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte, macrophage
Lymphocytopoeisis: cell stages Lymphoblast, prolymphocyte, lymphocyte
Contents of specific granules for granulocytes Neutrophils: lysosomal enzymes -- Eosinophils: major basic protein -- Basophils: heparin & histamine
Created by: ruslan
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