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Ch. 41 vocabulary
Environmental Microbiology and Genetic Engineering
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abyssal zone | deep trenches in the ocean floor-microbes live here in lower numbers-many are quite different from terrestrial organism |
| Actinomycete | genera Nocardia and Steptomyces inhabit most soils, including deserts-heterotrophs that break down organic matter-Strptomyces provide scores of ABTs now in use |
| Ammonification | proteins degraded to amino acids and nucleic acids to nucleotides, these subunits further degraded to release nitrogen in form of ammonia |
| Azotobacter | free-living bacterium that fixes nitrogen in areas such as brasslands |
| Benthic zones | general ocean floor |
| Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) | measures pollution-measuring oxygen utilized from water sample over time-as microbial numbers increase-oxygen utilation rate increases and remaining oxygen decreases--clean water low rate-polluted water high rate |
| Bioremediation | use of living organisms as a remedy |
| Contaminated water | contains infectious microbes or toxic substances |
| Denitrification | Pseudomonas utilizes nitrate in place of oxygen for anarebe respiration--form nitrogen gas-released into atmosphere and lost from availability to plants and animals-eventually remove all nitrogen and life would cease |
| eutrophy | algae proliferate, die and settle to bottom of stream-microbes grow on dead algae and metabolize all oxygen-such loss of oxygen--absence of oxygen kills water life such as fish |
| Genetic engineering | when toxin genes are cloned into plants/deleted to protect certain plants or animals-use of recominant DNA |
| Greenhouse effect | global warming-earth's eat held in as heat held within a greenhouse- |
| Lichens | mutualistic groups of algae and fungi-fungi protect algae and help nutritionally-algae fix nitrogen from air into forms used by fungi-algae also photosynthetic and provide organic nutrients for fungi |
| Liquid phase | part of sewage tx-alum may be used to increase amount of microorganism-sized prticles removed from liquid-air blown through liquid to assist growth of aerobic bacteria that rapidly break down residual organics into simple sugars, acids, amino acids |
| Littoral zone | near shoreline and contains most of nutrients and microorganisms |
| Methanogens | group of strictly anaerobic Archaea-grow in swamps and manure-combine carbon dioxide with hydrogen and form methane and wather-methane natural gas burned in furnaces, water heaters , and gas stoves |
| Mycorrhizae | fungal group grows mutualistically with plant roots-fungi help plants obtain minerals--plants provide a growing niche for fungi |
| Nutrification | oxidation of amonia to nitrate by bacteria Nitrosomanas and Nitrobacter |
| Nitrogen fixation | bacteria that reclaim nitrogen gas from the atmosphere |
| Polluted water | contains obvious contaminates indicated by its appearance, smell,etc.-develops when large amounts of organic material enter the water and become a nutritional source for bacteria |
| Potable water | water fit to drink |
| Rhizobium | bacteria attach to roots of legumes and plants form nodules around them-efficient at nitrogen fixation |
| Sewage treatment | degrades and removes particulate matter and kills harmful microorganisms |
| Sludge | solids in sewage |
| Water purification | (blank) |
Created by:
heatherlvn
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