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topic 1-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a virus | a non-cellular structure consisting of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. |
| all cells are fromed from what | other cells |
| what functions of life do unicellular organisms carry | all functions of life |
| what metabolix activity do prokaryotes show | they show a wide range of metabolic activity including fermentatio, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation |
| what does the cell division cycle invovle | interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis |
| what is interphase | it is an active period in the life of a cell when many biochemical reactions occur, as well as DNA transcription and DNA replication |
| what involves mitosis | growth, tissue repair and asexual reproduction |
| what are tumors ( cancers the result of ) | they are the results of uncontrolled cell division and that these can occur in any organ |
| what are the most frequently occuring chemical elements in living things | carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (COH) |
| what other elements are needed by living things | nitogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium |
| what does metabolic pathways consist of | chains and cycles of enzyme catalysed reactions |
| what portion of the DNA consist genes | only a small portion of DNA consis genes but majority of it consists of repetitive sequences |
| DNS replication is what | DNS is semi conservative |
| what dirction does DNA replication occure | 5'-->3' |
| where is replication initiated in eukaryotic chromosomes | replication is initiated at many points |
| what dirction does DNA transcription & translation occur | 5'-->3' |
| what does eukaryotic RNA need to form matur mRNA | the removal of introns |
| what catalyses the production of DNA from RNA | reverse transcriptase |
| what does translation consist of | initiation, elongation and termination |
| what does free and bound ribosomes synthesize | free synthesize proteins for use primarily within the cell and bound synthesize proteins primarily for secretion or for lysosomes |
| what happens to gulcoes in cell respiration | gulcose is broken down into pyruvate with a small yield of ATP |
| what does photosynthesis invovle | it involves the conversion of light energy into chemical energy |
| what is white light composed of | a range oif wavelength colors |
| what is the main photosynthetic pigment | chlorophyll |
| what is light energy used for | it is used to split water molecules (photolysis) to give hydrogen and oxygen and to produce ATP |
| what is the ATP and hudrogen drived from the photolysis used for | to fix carbon dioxide to make organix molecules |
| photosynthesis consists of | it consists of llight-independent and dependent reactions |
| what are eukaryote chromosomes made of | DNA and protein |
| how are chromosomes arranged in karyotyping | they are arrangedin pairs according to their structure |
| meipsis is a reduction division interms of waht | a reduction division interms of diploid and haploid numbers of chromosomes |
| what does PCR ( polymerase cahin reaction) do | it copies and amplifies minute quantites of nucleic acid |
| what does gel electrophoresis involve | the separation of fragmented pieces of DNA according to their charge and size |
| what is gel electrophpresis of DNA used | in DNA profiling |
| what is the human genome project | it is an international cooperative venture established to sequence the complete human genome |
| why can genetic materical be transfered between species | the genetic code is universal |
| what are organisms classified into | prokaryoate, protoctista, gungi, plantae and animalia |
| what is blood composed of | plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes (phagocyctes and lymphocyctes ) and platelets |
| what is transported by blood | nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, antibodies and urea |
| what does cytotoxi T-cells do | destroy cancer cells and body cells with viruses |
| what systems are invovled in homeostatsis | the nervous and the endocrine |
| what is the nervous system consist of | the central nervous system and perihperal nerves and is composed of special cells called neurons that can carry electrical impulses rapidly |
| what does the endocrine system consist of | glands which relaease hormones that are transported in the blood |
| what supports and protects the fetus | amniotic sac and amniotic fluid |
| how do terrestrail plants support themselves | they support themselves by means of thickened cellulose, cell turgor and xylem |
| what can guard cells in plants do | open and close stomata to regulate transpiration |
Created by:
lucy_b
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