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ES Chapter 1 Vocabul
Vocabulary
| Definition | |
|---|---|
| astronomy | study of objects beyond Earth's atmosphere |
| meteorology | the study of the atmosphere, which is the air surrounding Earth. |
| geology | study of materials that make up Earth and the processes that form and change these materials, and the history of the planet and its life-forms since its origin. |
| oceanography | study of Earth's oceans including the creatures that inhabit its water, its physical and chemical properties, and the effects of human activities. |
| environmental science | study of the interactions of humans with environment. |
| geosphere | the part of Earth from its surface to its center. |
| atmosphere | blanket of gases surrounding Earth that contains about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1 percent other gases such as argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. |
| hydrosphere | all the water in Earth's oceans, lakes, seas, rivers, and glaciers plus all the water in the atmosphere. |
| biosphere | all of Earth's organisms and the environments in which they live. |
| scientific methods | a series of problem-solving procedures that help scientists conduct experiments. |
| hypothesis | a testable explanation of a situation. |
| independent variables | factor that is manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment. |
| dependent variable | factor in an experiment that can change if the independent variable is changed. |
| control | standard for comparison in an experiment. |
| Le Systeme International d'Unites(SI) | replacement for the metric system; based on a decimal system using the number 10 as the base unit; includes the meter: second: and kilogram. |
| scientific notation | a method used by scientist to express a number as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. |
| scientific model | an idea, a system, or a mathematical expression that represents the idea being explained. |
| scientific theory | an explanation based on many observations during repeated experiments; valid only if consistent with observations, can be used to make testable predictions, and is the simplest explanation; can changed or modified with the discovery of new data. |
| scientific law | a principle that describes the behavior of a natural phenomenon. |