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NUTR - Midterm
Nutrition info for midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Foods | products of plants or animals which provide nutrients for the body |
| Nutrients | substances obtained from foods that provide energy and building blocks for the body |
| Diet | variety of foods and beverages a person consumes |
| DRI | Dietary Reference Intakes |
| Total fat intake should be no more than ___ % of total calories | 30 |
| Saturated fat intake should be ___ % of total calories | 8-10 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids should be up to ___% of total calories | 10 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids should make up to ___% of total calories | 15 |
| Cholesterol intake should be less than ____ mg daily | 300 |
| Sodium intake should be less than ______ mg per day, which is about _____ tsps of salt | 2400, 1.25 |
| Carbohydrate should make up ____- _____% or more of total calories | 55-60 |
| EAR | Estimated Average Requirements(EAR) - Amount to maintain function |
| RDA | Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA) - Population based, related to deficiencies |
| AI | Adequate Intakes(AI |
| UL | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels(UL) |
| provides the energy for the work of living organisms? | Oxidation of free molecules |
| Kcal/g in fat | 9 |
| Kcal/g in carbs | 4 |
| Kcal/g in alcohol | 7 |
| Kcal/g in protein | 4 |
| 4 essential fatty acids | linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentanoic acids |
| BMR | The Basal Metabolic Rate(BMR) is the underlying rate of metabolism to maintain the resting body |
| 10 Essential amino acids | PVT TIM HALL |
| Nitrogen Balance | Adequate protein intake in adults |
| Positive Nitrogen Balance | In children or in individuals undergoing healing, there is a net increase in the amount of nitrogen in the body |
| Negative Nitrogen Balance | In wasting or degeneration |
| PDCAAS score of 1.00 indicates ... | no complementation needed (from other aa sources) |
| Chronic Protein Energy Malnutrition causes: | Marasmus |
| Acute PEM causes... | Kwashiorkor |
| Vitamins | Growth requirement not synthesized by the body |
| Two vitamins that oxidize free radicals (which can be ODed on?) | Vitamins C and E *E can be ODed because it's fat-soluble |
| 3 Vitamins essential for oral development | 1. Vit A (membranes) 2. Vit D (Ca+ mineralization) 3. Vit C (collagen and CT formation) |
| 3 Vitamin D diseases | 1. Osteomalacia 2. Rickets 3. Osteoporosis |
| Vitamin A disease | Xerostomia |
| Vitamin required for mineralization, prothrombin, and clotting factors | Vit K |
| National Boards: Magenta tongue = what diagnosis? | Riboflavin deficiency |
| 5 deficiencies that cause angular stomatitis | 1. niacin 2. biotin 3. riboflavin 4. thiamine 5. pyroxidine |
| Two symptoms of angular stomatitis | 1. Glossitis - red tongue 2. burning mouth |
| Thiamine deficiency disease | Beriberi |
| Niacin deficiency disease | Pellagra |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency disease | Pernicious anemia |
| How much classifies as a macromineral ? | More than 100 mg/day |
| How many of the top ten killers are caused by malnutrition? | Half - 5 |
| What five things have RDAs? | 1. Energy 2. Protein 3. Water 4. Fiber 5. Vitamins/Minerals |
| To qualify as "high" in something, a food must have... | 20 of the daily value |
| What qualifies as a "light" food? | Food that has 50% less than the reference product of fat |
| Glycemic effect? | Rate at which sugar enters the blood |
| With a high glycemic index is more or less insulin released? | More |
| What does PEM stand for? | Protein- Energy Malnutrition |
| Two water-soluble vitamins | 1. B vitamins 2. Vitamin C |
| Four fat-soluble vitamins | 1. A 2. D 3. E 4. K |
| Water-soluble vitamins always play this role in metabolism: | Cofactor |
| Fat-soluble vitamins play these four roles in metabolism: | 1. Cofactor 2. Membrane 3. Hormone 4. Antioxidant |
| 3 locations for Vitamin D metabolism | 1. Skin 2. Liver 3. Kidney |
| The most potent free-radical scavenger | Vitamin E |
| Vitamin that helps keep Vitamin E reduced | Vit C |
| Physiological mechanism that requires vit K | Blood coagulation |
| 2 Nutrition-based dental diseases | 1. Caries 2. Periodontal disease |
| True or false: frequency of eating is a factor in caries development | True, the more frequently you eat the more susceptible you are |
| Most susceptible tooth surface for caries | Occlusal |
| What two things combine to make acid? | Pathogenic plaque and Carbohydrates |
| What does the Stephan Curve tell you? | The time course of acid exposure |
| Why doesn't everyone have caries, if we all eat carbohydrates? | Host resistance |
| The variable in the Vipeholm study was.. | Frequency of sucrose ingestion |
| The variable in the Hopewood House study was... | Limit of sugar products |
| The variable in the Turku study was... | Sugar type (sucrose, xylitol, or fructose) |
| What bug, when combined with s.mutans, can predict caries risk? | Lactobacillus |
Created by:
janygb143
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