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AP Bio
Chapters 35-36 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| monocots | A clade consisting of flowering plants that have one embryonic seed leaf, or cotyledon. |
| dicots | A term traditionally used to refer to flowering plants that have two embryonic seed leaves, or cotyledons. Recent molecular evidence indicates that dicots do not form a clade (see eudicots). |
| taproot | A root system common to eudicots consisting of one large, vertical root (the taproot) that produces many smaller lateral, or branch, roots. |
| fibrous root | A root system common to monocots consisting of a mat of thin roots spreading out below the soil surface. |
| node | A point along the stem of a plant at which leaves are attached. |
| internode | A segment of a plant stem between the points where leaves are attached. |
| apical dominance | Concentration of growth at the tip of a plant shoot, where a terminal bud partially inhibits axillary bud growth. |
| parenchyma cell | A relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesizes and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type. |
| collenchyma cell | A flexible plant cell type that occurs in strands or cylinders that support young parts of the plant without restraining growth. |
| sclerenchyma cell | A rigid, supportive plant cell type usually lacking protoplasts and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity. |
| tracheids | A long, tapered water-conducting cell that is dead at maturity and is found in the xylem of all vascular plants. |
| sieve-tube members | A living cell that conducts sugars and other organic nutrients in the phloem of angiosperms. They form chains called sieve tubes. |
| apical meristem | Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length. |
| lateral meristem | A meristem that thickens the roots and shoots of woody plants. The vascular cambium and cork cambium are lateral meristems. |
| guard cells | The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore. |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| water potential | The physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure. |
| turgor pressure | The force directed against a cell wall after the influx of water and the swelling of a walled cell due to osmosis. |
| bulk flow | The movement of water due to a difference in pressure between two locations. |
| casparian strip | A water-impermeable ring of wax in the endodermal cells of plants that blocks the passive flow of water and solutes into the stele by way of cell walls. |
| transpiration | The evaporative loss of water from a plant. |
| root pressure | The upward push of xylem sap in the vascular tissue of roots. |
| guttation | The exudation of water droplets, caused by root pressure in certain plants. |
| transpiration to photosynthesis | (blank) |
| sugar source | A plant organ in which sugar is being produced by either photosynthesis or the breakdown of starch. Mature leaves are the primary sugar sources of plants. |
| sugar sink | A plant organ that is a net consumer or storer of sugar. Growing roots, shoot tips, stems, and fruits are sugar sinks supplied by phloem. |
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swimifishi
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