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MVCTC LPN NUTRITION
MVCTC LPN NUTRITION & DIET THERAPY NIX CHAP. 1 & 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | the sum of the processes involved in taking in, assimilating, and using nutrients to maintain body tissue and provide energy |
| Health promotion | active involvement in behaviors or programs that advance positive well-being |
| Health | a state of optimal physical, mental and social well-being, reletive freedom from disease or disability |
| Metabolism | the sum of all chemical changes that take place in the body by which it maintains itself and produces energy for its functioning |
| Glycogen | a polysaccharide, the main storage form of carbohydrate, largely stored in the liver and lesser extent in muscle tissue |
| Kilocalorie | unit measurement of human energy |
| Carbohydrates should provide this % of total kcals | 45% to 65% |
| Fats should provide this % of total kcals | 20% to 30% |
| Proteins should provide this % of total kcals | 10% to 35% |
| Carbohydrates are made up of | carbon, hydrogen & oxygen |
| Primary function of protein | tissue building |
| Nature of carbohydrates | basic fuel source & energy producton |
| Classes of carbohydrates | monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides |
| Monosaccharides | simple sugars: glucose, fructose, galactose |
| Disaccharides | simple double sugars: sucrose, lactose, maltose |
| Polysaccharides | complex CHO composed of many simple sugars: starch, glycogen, dietary fiber, cellulose |
| Nutritive sweeteners (sugar alcohols) | sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol |
| Starches | provide fundamental complex carbohydrate foods for slowly available glucose |
| Protein and fat are used for | tissue growth and repair, fuel for the heart muscle |
| Nutritional science | comprise the body of scientific knowledge governing humans' food requirements for maintenance, growth, activity, reproduction and lactation |
| Dietetics | the health profession responsible for applying nutritional science |
| Amino acids | nitrogen-bearing compounds that form the structural units of protein |
| Dietary Referece Intakes (DRIs) | a system of reference values that can be used for assessing and planning diets for healthy populations and many other purposes |
| Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) | recommended daily allowences of nutrients and energy intake for population groups according to age and sex, with defined weight and height |
| Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) | the intake level that meets the needs of half of the individuals in a specific group |
| Adequate Intake (AI) | used as a guide when there is not enough scientific evidence available to establish the RDA figure |
| Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) | this indicator is not a recommended intake, but sets the maximum intake that is unlikely to pose adverse health risks in almost all healthy individuals |
| Photosynthesis | to transform solor energy into carbohydrates, the stored fuel form of plants |
| Sucrose | glucose + fructose |
| Lactose | glucose + galactose |
| Maltose | glucose + gluecose |
| Glucose | the basic single sugar in body metbolism |
| Fructose | found mainly in fruits, from which it gets its name, or honey |
| Galactose | not usually found as such in the diet but comes mainly from the digestion of milk sugar or lactose |
| Common table sugar | sucrose |
| Sugar found in milk | lactose |
| Derived from the intermediate digestive breakdown of starch | maltose |
| The most significant polysaccharide in the diet | starch |
| Cellulose | the chief part of the framework of plants |
| Noncellulose polysaccharides | absorb H2O, slow the emptying of the GI |
| Lignin | woody part of certain plants, binds with acids & cholesterol in the human intestine, preventing their absorption |
| Sugar Alcohol | alternative sweeteners often used to replace sugar |
| Needed for proper functioning of the Central Nervous System | carbohydrates |
| Specific proteins produced in cells that digest or change specific nutrients in specific chemical reations | enzymes |
| Brush border | cells that are located on the microvilli within the lining of the intestinal tract |
| Portal | an entrance or gateway |
| Enzymes attached to the brush border (microvilli) of the intestinal tract contain | sucrase, lactase and maltase |
Created by:
Kevint
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