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8th science FINAL
Ch. 1-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What process breaks rocks into soil | weathering |
| what is a theory that has never been proven false | law |
| What process breaks rocks into soil | weathering |
| what is a theory that has never been proven false | law |
| the amount of matter in an object is the | mass |
| what branch of science is the study of the earth | geology |
| what type of mountain was formed when rocks on one side of a fault were forced upward while the rocks on the other side were forced downward | fault-block |
| what type of lave rock is rough and jagged with a crumbly or "blocky" texture | AA lava |
| the theory that the earth's crust and upper mantle consist of huge plates slowly drifting as a result of convection currents in the mantle is the ??? theory | plate tectonics |
| what type of volcano consists primarily of erupted volcanic ash and rock fragments held together loosely | cinder-cone |
| what is the general term for crystalline substances found naturally in the earth | minerals |
| the resistance of a smooth surface of a mineral to being scratched is | hardness |
| steel is an alloy of | carbon and iron |
| what is the red variety of corundum | ruby |
| what is the largest group of minerals | silicates |
| what is low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine | drumlin |
| any harmful substance released into the soil, air or water | pollution |
| the falling of acidic precipitation onto the planet | acid deposition |
| term meaning "caused by humans" | anthropogenic |
| method of producing electricity that uses lenses or mirrors to focus the sun's rays into a small beam that heats a fluid | concentrating solar energy |
| cold period that lasted from the 1300's to around 1850 | Little Ice Age |
| system that removes certain gases and particles from industrial exhaust | scrubber |
| synthetic gas used for fuel | syngas |
| branch of science that studies the interactions of the physical world | environmental science |
| processes that recycle minerals and other nutrients in the environment | biogeochemical cycles |
| what is a fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a river | delta |
| weathering that involves the breaking or peeling away of rock into layers is | exfoliation |
| What are regions of the earth's surface where limestone is exposed and abundant | karst |
| which of the following ideas attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution | theistic evolution |
| what false belief says that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate | uniformitarianism |
| the deep-sea-fish living fossil once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians is | coelacanth |
| what term refers to the sudden appearance of life in the fossil record | Cambrian explosion |
| the hypothetical time scale that supposedly charts both the earth's history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth's crust is the | geologic column |
| what are movements of ocean water caused primarily by the moon | tides |
| What type of bottle is used to collect water sample from the ocean depths | Niskin bottles |
| what is a sandy, gently sloping underwater plain near a continent | continental shelf |
| what is the atmosphere's "weather layer" | troposphere |
| What is the general term for a naturally occurring material that mankind can use | natural resource |
| what branch of science develops new methods of conservation through the application of environmental science | environmental technology |
| What is the process of quickly and safely returning waste water to the environment | water reclamation |
| what devices made from semiconducting materials, that convert sunlight directly into electricity | photovoltaic cells |
| Name the process in which an atom of an element with a large nucleus breaks into two atoms of elements with smaller nuclei, releasing an enormous amount of energy | nuclear fission |
| what is the most widely used form of renewable energy | hydroelectric power |
| what term refers to a situation in which cool air at the earth's surface is overlaid by warm air | temperature inversion |
| what is a place where garbage is collected, stored and covered | landfill |
| what is the continued process of atoms splitting and releasing neutrons that trigger more atoms to split | nuclear chain reaction |
| What type of wind reverse its direction from season to season | monsoon |
| heat transfer by air movements is | convection |
| what is the change in the direction of winds caused by Earth's rotation | Coriolis Effect |
| The boundary formed when a warm air mass moves into the territory of a cold air mass is a | warm front |
| which type of clouds are thunderstorms clouds | cumulonimbus |
| what term describes air with a relative humidity of 100% | saturated |
| what type of tropical cyclone has wind speeds of 74 miles per hour or more | hurricane |
| what device measures relative humidity | hygrometer |
| a device that measures wind speed | anemometer |
| what is a localized storm with lightning, thunder, strong winds, and heavy rain | thunderstorm |
| what is an abrupt discharge of electricity through the air | lightning |
| A hertzsprung-russel diagram is a two-dimensional graph that compares stars by their brightness and | temperature |
| the unit of measurement approximately equal to the distance between the sun and the earth is the | astronomical unit |
| the point on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus is the | epicenter |
| the study of the earth's oceans | oceanography |
| a narrow funnel of powerful, rapidly whirling wind that stretches from a cloud to the ground is a | tornado |
| a planet's farthest distance from the sun is | aphelion |
| the idea that the planets, including Earth, orbit the sun is the ??? view of the solar system | heliocentric |
| a telescope that uses a series of lenses to produce an image is a | refracting telescope |
| a person who believes that humans are merely passing through the earth and have no claim to anything on it is as | preservationist |
| a pollutant that comes directly from a pollution source is a ??? pollutant | primary |
| using the solar energy that naturally falls on a building to heat it directly is ??? solar energy | passive |
| living things that influence an environment are ??? factors | biotics |
| which scientific law states that the planets' orbits are ellipses | first law of planetary motion |
| What is the largest planet in our solar system | Jupiter |
| Which constellation includes the star Regulus | Leo |
| The equation of time is the relationship between apparent solar time and | mean solar time |
| in what type of orbit does a satellite stay above the same point on the earth's surface | geostationary orbit |
| What are the two points on the ecliptic at which the sun is farthest from the celestial equator | solstices |
| who was the first person to travel in space | Yuri Gagarin |
| the hypothesis that long-living halogen compounds can cause ozone depletion is the ? hypothesis | Rowland-Molina |
| Ozone levels are measured in ? units | Dobson |
| what greenhouse gas is claimed to be the main cause of anthropogenic global warming | carbon dioxide |
| what is the most dangerous aspect of modern environmentalism | promoting a reverence for creation that should be reserved for God alone |
| the agreement that called for the reduction and eventual elimination for CFC's was the | Montreal Protocol |
| a thick, brownish haze that results from complex molecules released into the air by vehicles and some factories and plants is | photochemical smog |
| the study of God's creation beyond the atmosphere is | astronomy |
| a pollutant that comes from multiple sources is a ?? pollutant | non-point-source |
| the bacteria that live in the intestines of humans and animals and are used to determine if pathogens are present in the water are ?? bacteria | coliform |
| natural resources that regenerate slowly, if at all are ??? resources | non-renewable |
| a device that generates electricity by wind-caused motion is a | wind turbine |
| the purified form of limestone that is used to correct overly acidic soil and can be used to restore acidic lakes and streams quickly is | agricultural lime |
| the general term for energy generated by natural sources and naturally replenished is ??? energy | renewable |
| a device that safely starts and controls a fission chain reaction is a | nuclear reactor |
Created by:
Harrison83
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